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D1578.019 January 9, 2026

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

102 SAMS ROAD BLOCK 20101 * LOTS 29 & 30 JACKSON TOWNSHIP OCEAN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

PREPARED FOR:

HALER CONSULTING 640 HERMAN ROAD JACKSON, NEW JERSEY 08527

PREPARED BY:

DuBois

& ASSOCIATES 190 NORTH MAIN STREET MANAHAWKIN, NJ 08050

KRISTIN WILDMAN, PWS SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

BRYON DUBOIS, PWS PRINCIPAL BIOLOGIST

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..... 1 2.0 METHODOLOGY ..... 1 3.0 SITE LOCATION & EXISTING LAND USE/LAND COVERAGE ..... 1 4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..... 2 5.0 SITE INVENTORY & ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ..... 2 5.1 Planning, Zoning & Demographics ..... 2 5.1.1 The State Plan ..... 2 5.1.2 Zoning ..... 4 5.1.3 Demographics ..... 4 5.2 Geology & Subsurface Water ..... 5 5.2.1 Bedrock Geology ..... 5 5.2.2 Bedrock Aquifer ..... 5 5.2.3 Surface Geology ..... 5 5.3 Ocean County Soil Survey ..... 7 5.4 Sewerage ..... 9 5.5 Freshwater Wetlands, Hydrology & Surface Water Quality ..... 10 5.6 Topography and Slope ..... 11 5.7 Vegetation Communities ..... 12 5.8 Wildlife ..... 14 5.9 Threatened & Endangered Species ..... 15 5.9.1 Fauna ..... 15 5.9.2 Flora ..... 16 5.10 Air Quality ..... 19 5.11 Cultural, Historical and Archaeological Resources ..... 22 5.12 Noise Characteristics ..... 23 5.13 Aesthetics ..... 24 6.0 REQUIRED LICENSES, PERMITS, AND APPROVALS ..... 25 7.0 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS ..... 25 8.0 ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS THAT CANNOT BE AVOIDED ..... 25 9.0 SUMMARY & DISCUSSION ..... 26 10.0 REFERENCES ..... 26

TABLES

Page No. Table 1: Physical properties, suitabilities and/or limitations of on-site soils in regards to building site development ..... 8 Table 2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards ..... 20 Table 3: Approvals Status ..... 25

FIGURES

APPENDICES

Appendix A - Photographs of the Site

Appendix B - Qualifications of Preparer

1.0 INTRODUCTION

DuBois and Associates, L.L.C. (DuBois) has been retained by Haler Consulting to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the construction of a residential subdivision on a 13.2-acre parcel designated as Block 20101, Lots 29 and 30 (the site) located within Jackson Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The property is located within the R-1 Residential zoning district and is proposed for residential development. The project includes removal of existing improvements, construction of internal roadway and utility infrastructure, grading and drainage improvements, stormwater management facilities, landscaping, lighting, and associated site improvements to support the subdivision. Pursuant to the Township of Jackson Land Use and Development Regulations, Chapter 244-189, an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) has been prepared for the proposed project. (herein termed, “the project site”). This report presents an inventory of existing environmental conditions at the site, an assessment of the probable or potential impact the development may have upon environmental conditions at the project site and in the surrounding area, and provides an overview of measures taken to minimize any adverse environmental impacts that may be caused by the project.

As outlined within the context of this EIS, the proposed project will not have an impact on environmental resources. The proposed project is not situated on a site with environmentally sensitive areas, and it complies with the planning agenda within this area of Jackson Township.

2.0 METHODOLOGY

This EIS has been prepared to document the decision-making process used to formulate and render a professional opinion concerning the subject site and development project. This report has been prepared through on and off-site field investigations of existing natural resources located upon the site and desktop review of the following material:

• Jackson Township Land Use and Development Regulations;
• New Jersey State Development and Redevelopment Plan;
• NJDEP Bureau of Geographic Information Systems;
• NJDEP NJ-GeoWeb Map Viewer;
• NJDEP Historical Preservation Office;
• Ocean County Soil Survey;
• Federal sources including USDA, USFWS, USEPA and FEMA - Stormwater Management Report by Eric Halpert, PE, dated October 6, 2025. - Traffic Study for 102 Sams Road, prepared by McDonough & Rea Associates, Inc and dated December 23, 2025.
• Project materials supplied by the Project Engineer, including:
• Preliminary and Final Major Site Plan prepared by Haler Consulting, October 6, 2025.
• Stormwater Management Report by Eric Halpert, PE, dated October 6, 2025.
• Traffic Study for 102 Sams Road, prepared by McDonough & Rea Associates, Inc and dated December 23, 2025.

DuBois performed an on-site field investigation of the site in August of 2025. On-site vegetation communities, wildlife, ecotone areas, and existing and surrounding land uses were evaluated in direct relation to probable or potential impacts that may be imposed upon these resources by the proposed project.

3.0 SITE LOCATION & EXISTING LAND USE/LAND COVERAGE

The subject site is located on sheet 201 of the official tax map of Jackson Township (refer to Figure 1: Jackson Township Tax Map). The subject site is located west and south of Sams Road, north of East Veterans Highway, and east of Meadow Run Court (Figure 2: New Jersey Road Map). The site can be found on the NE Lakehurst NJ United States Geological Survey (USGS) QuadRANES with NAD 1983 state plane coordinates (feet) of E(x) 553,499 and N(y) 457,311 at the approximate center of the site (refer to Figure 3: NE Lakehurst NJ U.S.G.S QuadRANES Map). The site is located in the Barnegat Bay Watershed Management Area (WMA 13), in the Toms River (above Oak Ridge Parkway) watershed, and within the

Dove Mill Branch (Toms River) subwatershed (HUC 14: 02040301060050).

Currently, the site is developed with a single-family home with an associated driveway along Sams Road. The remainder of the site is largely wooded with intermittent dirt access paths. The southern portion of the property exhibits environmental constraints associated with existing wetlands and natural topography. The Dove Mill Branch tributary is located on the southern portion of Lot 30. Residential properties border the site in all cardinal directions. Please refer to Appendix A: Site Photographs and Figure 4: Aerial Map for a depiction of the land coverage present on and in the vicinity of the subject site.

4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

As shown on the Site Plan prepared by Haler Consulting, dated October 6, 2025, the proposed project involves a major subdivision of Lots 29 and 30 into eleven (11) lots consisting of nine (9) single-family homes along a cul-de-sac. One (1) entrance located along Sams Road to the east, two (2) surface infiltration basins and individual subsurface basins for each dwelling are proposed.

Stormwater management has been designed to comply with applicable municipal and State standards through the use of surface infiltration basins and distributed subsurface infiltration systems serving individual lots. The stormwater system provides water quality treatment, peak flow attenuation, groundwater recharge, and groundwater mounding protection consistent with the New Jersey Stormwater Management Rules and the NJDEP Best Management Practices Manual.

A Traffic Impact Study prepared for the project evaluated existing roadway conditions, projected traffic generation associated with the proposed residential units, and future roadway operations under build conditions. The analysis concluded that surrounding intersections will continue to operate within acceptable level of service thresholds with the proposed development.

5.0 SITE INVENTORY & ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

5.1 Planning, Zoning & Demographics

5.1.1 The State Plan

According to the New Jersey State Development and Redevelopment Plan (NJSDRP), prepared by the State Planning Commission in June 1992 and re-adopted in March 2001, the property is within a Suburban Planning Area (PA2) (refer to Figure 5: NJ State Planning Area Map).

In the Suburban Planning Area, the State Plan's intention is to:

• provide for much of the state's future development;
• promote growth in Centers and other compact forms;
• protect the character of existing stable communities;
• protect natural resources;
• redesign areas of sprawl;
• reverse the current trend toward further sprawl; and
• revitalize cities and towns.

Suburban Planning Areas have generally been designated for growth in municipal master plans. The existing inventory of undeveloped and underdeveloped land in the Suburban Planning Area provides sufficient land area to absorb much of the market demand for development in the state. While the less

developed Rural and Environmentally Sensitive Planning Areas can provide for modest levels of additional development, the Suburban Planning Area is a key area for accommodating market forces and demand for development.

The Land Use Policy Objectives of the Suburban Planning Area serve to guide development and redevelopment into more compact forms of Centers and former single-use developments and to accommodate mixed-use development, redevelopment, services, and cultural amenities. The objectives also focus on planning and zoning for a wide range of land uses and users, to achieve more balanced communities.

The Natural Resource Conservation Policy Objectives of the Suburban Planning Area strive to conserve continuous natural systems, strategically locate open space, and buffer Critical Environmental Sites. The plan is to use open space to reinforce neighborhood and community identity, and protect natural linear systems, including regional systems that link into other Planning Areas.

5.1.2 Zoning

According to the Township of Jackson Zoning Map, the subject site is within the Single Family Residential (Low Density) (R-1) Zone (refer to Figure 6: Jackson Township Zoning Map). According to the Township of Jackson Code (244-47), the following Uses are permitted in the R-1 Zone:

Permitted principal uses of buildings and structures are as follows:

• Community residences for the developmentally disabled.
• Community shelters for victims of domestic violence.
• Detached single-family dwelling units.
• Houses of worship.

Permitted accessory uses of buildings and structures are as follows:

• Dog pens, provided that they are located behind the rear building line and not in the required side or rear yard setback.
• Fences and walls, subject to the provisions of § 244-190.
• Off-street parking and private garages.
• Private residential swimming pools, subject to the provisions of § 244-216.
• Satellite dish antennas, subject to the provisions of § 244-165.
• Sheds (garden, storage or tool).
• Signs, subject to the provisions of § 244-207.
• Other customary accessory uses, buildings and structures which are clearly incidental to the principal use and building.
• Family day-care home.

Permitted conditional uses of buildings and structures are as follows:

• Child-care centers, nursery schools and day-care centers
• Churches and places of worship
• Home occupations
• Home professional offices
• Public utilities

5.1.3 Demographics

The 2010 census counted 54,856 people 19,417 households, and 15,048 families residing in the township. The population density was 552.7 per square mile (213.4/km2). There were 20,342 housing units at an average density of 205.0 per square mile (79.2 km2). Of the 19,417 households 35.2% had children under the age of 18, 63.8% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. Of the total households, 18.2% were male up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.21. The population was 24.7% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.6 years.

As of July 1, 2022, the population estimate for Jackson Township by the United States Census was 60,207 people, reflecting an increase of 5,351 people from the 54,856 counted in the 2010 Census. As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 58,541 people and 20,815 households in the Township. (US Census Bureau).

Planning, Zoning, & Demographics impact assessment

The property is zoned R 1 Residential, and the proposed residential land use is consistent with the permitted principal uses and overall intent of the zoning district, which is to accommodate low density residential development in a manner that preserves neighborhood character, maintains adequate infrastructure capacity, and minimizes environmental disturbance. The subdivision layout, lot configuration, internal roadway design, and provision of public water and sewer infrastructure are consistent with the Township's land use objectives and subdivision standards. The project represents an orderly extension of existing residential development patterns within the surrounding area and does not introduce incompatible land uses or intensify development beyond what is contemplated under current zoning.

From a planning perspective, the project advances efficient land utilization by consolidating residential development within an area already served by public utilities and roadway infrastructure, thereby reducing pressure for expansion into more environmentally sensitive or undeveloped areas elsewhere in the Township. The internal cul de sac roadway design provides safe access, emergency vehicle circulation, and logical lot organization while maintaining appropriate setbacks and buffering from adjacent properties. The project does not require amendments to the municipal Master Plan, zoning ordinance, or utility service areas, and it is consistent with established growth and housing objectives.

Demographically, the addition of nine single family homes represents a modest and incremental increase in local population. The anticipated population increase is not expected to result in measurable adverse impacts to municipal services, including schools, emergency services, recreation facilities, or public utilities, given the limited scale of the project and the existing capacity of surrounding infrastructure. The development will contribute to the local housing supply and tax base without materially altering community character, population density, or demographic composition. No displacement of existing residents or businesses will occur, as the site is currently underutilized and contains only one existing structure scheduled for removal.

Overall, the proposed project is consistent with applicable planning and zoning policies and is anticipated to have a negligible demographic impact. The development supports orderly growth, maintains compatibility with surrounding land uses, and does not create adverse planning, zoning, or population related impacts.

Steps taken to minimize impacts

The development area is located outside of any environmentally sensitive land and is consistent with the intent of the Suburban Planning Area. The proposed project is also an appropriate form of development consistent with the objectives and goals of the zoning ordinance of Jackson Township. Potential planning, zoning, and demographic impacts are minimized by designing the project in full compliance with the R 1 zoning district and applicable subdivision standards. The development is limited to single family residential use and a modest number of dwelling units that can be accommodated by existing roadway, water, and sewer infrastructure without requiring off-site improvements or zoning relief.

Neighborhood compatibility is maintained through internal roadway design, appropriate lot configuration, and preservation of surrounding wooded areas where practicable, which reduces visual and functional impacts to adjacent properties. Development intensity is scaled to reflect existing land use patterns and municipal service capacity, thereby avoiding overconcentration of growth.

The addition of nine homes represents a minor incremental population increase that is not expected to measurably affect schools, emergency services, or community facilities. No displacement of existing residents or businesses will occur. The project supports orderly infill development consistent with municipal planning objectives without requiring Master Plan amendments or changes to zoning policy.

5.2 Geology & Subsurface Water

5.2.1 Bedrock Geology

The site lies within the Outer Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The Outer Coastal Plain Province is characterized by broad lowlands formed on unconsolidated and semi-consolidated marine and alluvial sediments, mainly sands, silts and clays, with minor amounts of gravel. According to the GIS data layer entitled “Bedrock Geology for New Jersey” provided by the NJDEP New Jersey Geological Survey (NJGS), the site is underlain by the Cohansey Formation (refer to Figure 7: New Jersey Bedrock Geology Map). The Cohansey Formation is made up of quartz sand, medium to coarse grained.

5.2.2 Bedrock Aquifer

The site is in the Kirkwood – Cohansey Bedrock Aquifer System. The Kirkwood – Cohansey is a water-table aquifer that covers nearly 3000 square miles. Ground water is stored in and transmitted through pores between sand grains and is typically well connected to surface water bodies. Some ground water leaks to deeper confined aquifers. The aquifer is highly permeable due to the dominance of well sorted, medium to coarse grained sand. Ground water in this aquifer is typically fresh, acidic, highly corrosive, and low in dissolved solids.

5.2.3 Surface Geology

According to the GIS data layer entitled “Surface Geology for New Jersey”, provided by the NJDEP NJGS, the surficial geology underlying the site is composed of Weathered Coastal Plain Formations, Upper Stream Terrace Deposits and Alluvium (refer to Figure 8: NJ Surface Geology Map). Weathered coastal plain formations are composed of exposed sand and clay of Coastal Plain bedrock formations. This layer may be overlain by thin, patchy alluvium and colluvium. Quartz and ironstone pebbles left from erosion of surficial deposits may be present on the surface and in the upper several feet of the formation. Upper stream terrace deposits are made up of sand and pebble gravel, minor silt and cobble gravel; yellow, reddish yellow, yellowish brown. As much as 20 feet thick. Alluvium is made up of sand, gravel, silt, minor clay and peat; reddish brown, yellowish brown, brown, gray. As much as 20 feet thick. (NJGS 2006).

Geology & Subsurface Water impact assessment

Minimal disturbance of the weathered coastal plain formations, upper stream terrace deposits and alluvium will occur as a result of grading, subsurface utility installation, foundation construction, and associated earth disturbances. Such disturbances will displace and modify underlying sands and gravel, which will remain on-site during construction of the site improvements. There are no geologic limitations including faults or impermeable bedrock that may pose development limitations.

According to the Stormwater Report prepared by Eric Halpert, PE and dated October 6, 2025, the stormwater management system consists of 2 surface infiltration basins and individual subsurface basins for each dwelling. Surface runoff from the site is partially directed to the 2 surface basins for water quality treatment and attenuation. Runoff from remaining woodland area of the property is not captured in the proposed stormwater facilities. Each proposed roof runoff is directed to the individual lot subsurface basin. An outlet control structure is proposed in each surface basin which will direct runoff in excess of the water quality storm via a 15" (Surface #1) and 6" (Surface #2) outlet pipe to convey excess runoff beyond required reductions to a swale near the property limit. The stormwater management system has been designed to manage the increase in runoff in conformance with Township, NJDEP and Soil Conservation District standards.

The project will be serviced by public sewer and water. No well features or individual subsurface septic systems are proposed that would have the potential to impact groundwater or other geologic features.

Subsurface conditions support effective groundwater recharge and stormwater infiltration without adverse impacts to groundwater mounding, slope stability, or soil structure. Groundwater mounding analyses demonstrate that the proposed infiltration basins maintain adequate vertical separation between basin bottoms and the seasonal high water table under the one hundred year storm condition, thereby preserving soil treatment capacity and preventing groundwater breakout or surface instability.

Potential impacts to subsurface water quality are minimized through the use of green infrastructure infiltration systems that provide pretreatment and filtration of stormwater runoff prior to recharge. The majority of runoff will infiltrate on site, maintaining existing groundwater recharge patterns and reducing off site discharge volumes. Roof runoff is segregated and infiltrated directly, further reducing pollutant loading. No dewatering activities or permanent groundwater withdrawals are proposed.

The proposed development does not involve blasting, deep foundations, or excavation into competent bedrock formations. Earthwork activities will be limited to shallow grading and utility trenching within unconsolidated soils and will not alter regional groundwater flow regimes or aquifer characteristics. Construction activities will comply with soil erosion and sediment control requirements to prevent sediment migration into subsurface infiltration systems.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Potential impacts to site soils and subsurface water resources are minimized through the use of low impact site design and infiltration based stormwater management systems that maintain natural groundwater recharge and limit off site discharge. Stormwater runoff is treated through surface infiltration basins and individual subsurface systems that provide filtration and pollutant removal prior to recharge, protecting groundwater quality.

All excavation and grading shall be performed in accordance with the site plan which includes soil erosion and sediment control provisions to prevent the displacement and translocation of exposed geologic sediments. The proposed project will adhere to an approved Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Plan which

will follow BMPs contained within the Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey. This is necessary to avoid adverse impacts of displaced soil (geologic substrate) on adjacent lands. It will include engineering standards and vegetative standards to control land disturbance activities. Standards to be employed include:

• installing sediment barriers (silt fence) around the entire development envelope to intercept and detain potential transported sediment;
• temporary stabilization by spreading seed, mulch and salt hay to reduce potential damage from wind and water erosion until permanent stabilization is accomplished;
• permanent vegetative cover of grass seed mix after final grading;
• if necessary, water will be applied to prevent the establishment of dust from exposed soil surfaces;
• stabilized pad of clean crushed stone located at points where traffic will be accessing a construction site.

Proper grading will protect against soil loss from erosion, enhance establishment of permanent vegetative cover and help to properly manage stormwater runoff, all of which will reduce off-site discharge of pollutants.

Infiltration facilities are designed with verified soil permeability data and conservative design infiltration rates to ensure long term performance without soil instability or excessive groundwater mounding. Basin bottom elevations maintain adequate vertical separation from the seasonal high water table, preventing groundwater breakout, soil saturation, and structural instability.

Long term protection is ensured through routine inspection and maintenance of stormwater infiltration systems, including sediment removal and vegetation management, to preserve infiltration performance and groundwater protection over the life of the project.

5.3 Ocean County Soil Survey

According to the SSURGO GIS data layer provided by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, (NRCS) the site is underlain by three (3) soil mapping units representing three (3) soil series (refer to Figure 9: Ocean County Soil Survey Map). The following major soil descriptions are referenced from the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (USDA NRCS).

DocBO – Downer loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes, Northern Tidewater Area

The Downer component makes up 80 percent of the map unit. Slopes are 0 to 5 percent. This component is on low hills, knolls, coastal plains. The parent material consists of loamy fluviomarine deposits and/or gravelly fluviomarine deposits. Depth to a root restrictive layer is greater than 60 inches. The natural drainage class is well drained. Water movement in the most restrictive layer is moderately high. Available water to a depth of 60 inches is moderate. Shrink-swell potential is low. This soil is not flooded. It is not ponded. There is no zone of water saturation within a depth of 72 inches. Organic matter content in the surface horizon is about 1 percent. Nonirrigated land capability classification is 2s. This soil does not meet hydric criteria.

MumA – Mullica sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

The Mullica component makes up 90 percent of the map unit. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. This component is on flood plains on coastal plains, depressions on coastal plains, drainageways on coastal plains. The parent material consists of loamy and sandy fluviomarine deposits. Depth to a root restrictive layer is greater than 60 inches. The natural drainage class is very poorly drained. Water movement in the most restrictive layer

is moderately high. Available water to a depth of 60 inches is moderate. Shrink-swell potential is low. This soil is not flooded. It is not ponded. A seasonal zone of water saturation is at 0 inches during January, February, March, April. Organic matter content in the surface horizon is about 85 percent. Nonirrigated land capability classification is 4w. This soil meets hydric criteria.

SacBO – Sassafras sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, Northern Tidewater Area

The Sassafras component makes up 80 percent of the map unit. Slopes are 2 to 5 percent. This component is on low hills, knolls on coastal plains. The parent material consists of loamy and/or gravelly fluviomarine deposits. Depth to a root restrictive layer is greater than 60 inches. The natural drainage class is well drained. Water movement in the most restrictive layer is moderately high. Available water to a depth of 60 inches is moderate. Shrink-swell potential is low. This soil is not flooded. It is not ponded. There is no zone of water saturation within a depth of 72 inches. Organic matter content in the surface horizon is about 2 percent. Nonirrigated land capability classification is 2e. This soil does not meet hydric criteria.

Soil characteristics determine development suitability and potential uses of land. Some soils have significant limitations for building site development, and special planning, design and/or maintenance procedures are required to overcome or minimize development impacts on properties. The following table lists the physical properties, suitabilities and/or limitations of on-site soils in regards to building site development, obtained from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey:

Table 1:

Physical properties, suitabilities and/or limitations of on-site soils in regards to building site development

Rating class terms indicate the extent to which the soils are limited by all the soil features that affect the specified use. "Not limited" indicates that the soil has features that are very favorable for the specified use. Good performance and very low maintenance can be expected. "Somewhat limited" indicates that the soil has features that are moderately favorable for the specified use. The limitations can be overcome or minimized by special planning, design, or installation. Fair performance and moderate maintenance can be expected. "Very limited" indicates that the soil has one or more features that are unfavorable for the specified use. The limitations generally cannot be overcome without major soil reclamation, special design, or expensive installation procedures. Poor performance and high maintenance can be expected.

Soil Survey mappings are an approximation as to the extent of on-site soil types, and field verification is necessary to determine the accuracy of the mappings.

Soils Impact assessment

The proposed development project will remove topsoil and will result in the displacement of soils through grading, subsurface utility installation, foundation construction and associated earth disturbances.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

The site is presently partially developed and the project requires clearing, filling and grading for the single-family homes. Excavation and grading will also occur as shown on the plan to accommodate the stormwater design and roadway. During construction there is a potential for soil erosion since soils will be exposed to water and wind. The project incorporates stone tracking pads at the entrance locations and silt fence

protection around the limits of disturbance. The project will comply with the Ocean County Soil Conservation District (SCD) requirements. Disturbed areas will be re-vegetated as required and approved by the SCD.

5.4 Sewerage

The site is within the Ocean County Sewer Service Area. The Jackson Township Municipal Utilities Authority operates the sanitary sewer collection system in the Township. The sewage is conveyed to and treated by the Ocean County Utilities Authority. Confirmation of the capacity of the plant to handle additional sewage flows will be required.

Sewerage impact assessment

The proposed subdivision will be served by existing public sanitary sewer infrastructure within the Township of Jackson. Connection to the public sewer system eliminates the need for on-site septic systems and associated subsurface disposal fields, thereby reducing the potential for groundwater contamination, nitrate loading, and localized hydraulic failures. The scale of the development, consisting of nine single family residential units, represents a modest incremental increase in wastewater generation that can be accommodated by the existing collection system and downstream treatment facilities without requiring system upgrades or expansion.

The proposed sanitary sewer extensions will be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable municipal standards and utility authority requirements. Gravity sewer connections and appurtenances will be installed within the internal roadway right of way, minimizing disturbance to undisturbed areas and simplifying long term maintenance access. All connections will be subject to review and approval by the serving sewer utility and local agencies.

Because wastewater will be conveyed to a regulated regional treatment facility operating under a New Jersey Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit, effluent quality and discharge compliance will continue to be regulated under existing permit controls. No on site wastewater treatment, discharge, or surface water outfall is proposed.

Overall, the project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts to sewer capacity, treatment performance, groundwater quality, or surface water resources. The proposed connection to public sewer represents a net environmental benefit when compared to decentralized wastewater disposal alternatives.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Potential sewerage impacts are minimized by connecting the development to the existing public sanitary sewer system, eliminating the need for on-site wastewater treatment and subsurface disposal systems that could pose risks to groundwater quality and public health. The limited number of proposed residential units generates a modest wastewater demand that can be accommodated within existing collection and treatment capacity without requiring system expansion.

Sanitary sewer extensions will be designed and constructed in accordance with municipal standards and utility authority requirements to ensure proper flow, structural integrity, and long term reliability. Gravity flow configurations will be used where feasible to minimize operational complexity and maintenance needs.

Construction activities will be sequenced to minimize disturbance and protect existing utilities, with all connections inspected and approved prior to activation. Post construction operation and maintenance

responsibilities will be clearly established to ensure continued system performance and regulatory compliance.

Overall, the project minimizes sewerage impacts by utilizing existing infrastructure capacity, avoiding decentralized wastewater systems, and maintaining compliance with applicable utility and regulatory standards.

5.5 Freshwater Wetlands, Hydrology & Surface Water Quality

According to the NJDEP freshwater wetland GIS mapping, freshwater wetlands are mapped in the southern corner of the site and continue off site to the northeast and southwest. (refer to Figure 10: NJDEP Freshwater Wetlands Map). DuBois confirmed through an on-site investigation that the site and immediate vicinity are comprised of regulated wetland areas, similar to the NJDEP mappings. An NJDEP Freshwater Wetlands Letter of Interpretation – Line Verification to verify the extent of wetlands and transition areas was submitted on October 1, 2025 and is pending final approval (PI # 1511-06-0003.2).

According to the NJDEP GIS digital data layer entitled “NJDEP Surface Water Quality Standards of New Jersey”, an untitled tributary to the Dove Mill Branch is mapped in the southern corner of the site, within the wetlands. The tributary is classified as FW2-NT by the NJDEP. “FW2” is a general surface water classification applied to those freshwaters that are not FW1 or pineland waters. According to the Surface Water Quality Standards (N.J.A.C. 7:9B), “NT” or “Nontrout waters” means fresh waters that have not been designated as trout production or trout maintenance. These waters are generally not suitable for trout because of their physical, chemical or biological characteristics, but are suitable for a wide variety of other fish species.

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Preliminary FIRMs, the subject site is located within “Zone A”. (Refer to Figure 11: FEMA Preliminary Flood Map). The site is therefore regulated pursuant to the Flood Hazard Area Control Act Rules (N.J.A.C.7:13). The 2-year and 100-year flood line has been approved by NJDEP File # 1511-06-003.1 LUP240001. The riparian zone has been determined to be 50-feet.

Freshwater Wetlands, Hydrology and Surface Water Quality impact assessment

The project site contains areas of environmental constraint primarily located within the southern portion of the property, with the majority of the site consisting of upland woodland and previously disturbed areas. Based on available site observations and drainage analysis, surface runoff generally flows toward the rear of the property and ultimately discharges to downstream receiving areas outside the active development footprint. No regulated surface waters or mapped freshwater wetlands are proposed to be directly disturbed as part of the subdivision layout, and the limits of disturbance have been configured to avoid encroachment into environmentally sensitive areas to the maximum extent practicable.

Existing site hydrology is characterized by predominantly pervious soils with high infiltration capacity, resulting in limited surface runoff generation under existing conditions. The proposed development maintains this hydrologic function by directing stormwater runoff to infiltration based green infrastructure systems rather than surface discharge. Runoff from remaining undisturbed woodland areas is preserved under existing drainage patterns and is not intercepted by the stormwater collection system, thereby maintaining pre-development hydrologic connectivity.

Surface water quality impacts are minimized through the treatment of stormwater runoff prior to discharge or recharge. The proposed surface infiltration basins provide filtration and sediment removal consistent with New Jersey Stormwater Management Rule performance standards, while roof runoff is segregated and

infiltrated separately. Controlled outlet structures convey excess flows in a stabilized manner to prevent downstream erosion and sediment transport.

No permanent alteration of stream channels, wetlands, or open water features is proposed. Construction activities will be regulated through soil erosion and sediment control measures to prevent sediment laden runoff from entering downstream drainage features. Based on the site design and proposed stormwater management strategy, the project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts to freshwater wetlands, surface water hydrology, or water quality.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Wetland protection is an essential aspect of the intent and purposes stated under New Jersey Municipal Land Use Law; the project avoids negative impacts to these sensitive areas. The development areas have been located outside of sensitive environmental areas. The Freshwater Wetland Letter of Interpretation – Line Verification will verify the extent and buffer determination of wetlands and wetland transition areas on site.

Impacts to freshwater wetlands and surface waters are minimized through site layout that avoids environmentally constrained areas and limits disturbance to upland portions of the property. Development footprints, grading limits, and infrastructure alignments are configured to prevent encroachment into regulated wetlands and preserve existing natural buffers to the maximum extent practicable.

Existing site hydrology is maintained by preserving natural drainage patterns within undisturbed woodland areas and excluding these areas from the stormwater collection system. Runoff generated by new impervious surfaces is managed through infiltration based green infrastructure systems that promote groundwater recharge and reduce surface discharge volumes.

Surface water quality is protected through pretreatment and filtration of stormwater runoff prior to infiltration or controlled discharge. Surface infiltration basins provide sediment and pollutant removal consistent with New Jersey Stormwater Management performance standards, while roof runoff is segregated and infiltrated separately. Outlet structures convey excess flows in a stabilized manner to prevent downstream erosion and sediment transport.

Construction phase impacts are minimized through implementation of certified soil erosion and sediment control measures, staged land disturbance, stabilized access points, and prompt site stabilization to prevent sediment laden runoff from entering downstream drainage features.

The project minimizes impacts to wetlands, hydrology, and surface water quality through avoidance, infiltration based stormwater management, controlled discharge, and strict construction controls.

5.6 Topography and Slope

The Existing Conditions Plan (Sheet C200) in the Plan Set prepared by Haler Consulting provides the existing topographic conditions at the site at one-foot intervals (NAVD88 datum). The site elevations range from approximately 106.2 feet at the high point in the northwest corner to 86.5 feet in the southeastern corner of the property, near the wetlands. Portions of the existing site drain to the east towards adjacent roadways. Most of the site drains offsite and within the wetlands in the southeastern corner of the property.

Topography and Slope impact assessment

Minimal grading is proposed as shown on the Grading, Drainage and Utility Plan prepared by Haler Consulting (Sheet C400). Existing grades generally allow for positive surface drainage and stable soil conditions. No areas of excessive slope, erosion prone embankments, or geologic instability have been identified within the proposed development footprint.

The proposed subdivision layout has been designed to respect existing topographic conditions by minimizing cut and fill operations and maintaining natural drainage patterns to the maximum extent practicable. Roadway alignments, lot grading, and building envelopes follow existing contours where feasible to reduce the extent of grading and soil disturbance. Finished grades will maintain positive drainage away from structures and toward designed stormwater management facilities.

Slope stability will be maintained through engineered grading practices, soil stabilization measures, and vegetative cover. Temporary and permanent stabilization will be implemented in accordance with approved soil erosion and sediment control plans to prevent slope erosion during and after construction.

No significant alteration of natural landforms or creation of steep artificial slopes is proposed. Based on the limited grading extent, favorable soil conditions, and compliance with erosion control standards, the project is not anticipated to result in adverse impacts to site topography, slope stability, or downstream drainage characteristics.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Impacts to existing topography and slope conditions are minimized by aligning roadways, lot layouts, and building envelopes with existing contours to reduce the extent of cut and fill activities. Grading has been limited to areas necessary for infrastructure installation, drainage control, and safe building access, preserving natural landform features to the maximum extent practicable.

Slope stability is maintained through engineered grading practices, positive drainage design, and prompt stabilization of disturbed areas using vegetation, mulching, and soil stabilization measures. Temporary and permanent erosion control measures are implemented in accordance with approved soil erosion and sediment control plans to prevent slope erosion and sediment migration.

No steep slopes, excessive embankments, or significant landform alterations are proposed. Overall, the project minimizes topographic disturbance and slope impacts through limited grading, contour responsive design, and compliance with established erosion control standards.

5.7 Vegetation Communities

DuBois documented existing vegetation communities on the site and assembled a list of the dominant vegetation present. The following are descriptions of the natural vegetation communities present on-site and a depiction of existing vegetation communities is presented within Figure 12: Vegetation Communities Map. Refer to Appendix A: Site Photographs for a depiction of the described vegetation communities.

Within the upland forested areas located on site dominant canopy species include white oak (Quercus alba), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), black oak (Quercus velutina) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum). Dominant species observed within shrub stratum include black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). The vegetative composition in these areas do not exceed the 50 percent dominance criterion so the hydrophytic vegetation parameter is not met.

The forested wetland areas located on site are dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum) and black gum (Nyssa sylvatica). Dominant species observed within the shrub stratum include highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia). Dominant species within the herbaceous stratum include cinnamon fern (Osmunda strum cinnamomeum) and Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum). The vegetation upon these portions of site is consistent with wetland conditions. The vegetative composition in these areas exceeds the 50 percent dominance criterion so the hydrophytic vegetation parameter is met.

Vegetation Communities impact assessment

As shown on the site plan, the proposed project will result in the removal of vegetation to accommodate site grading and the construction of the roadway, basins and single-family homes. The project site is predominantly characterized by wooded upland vegetation typical of the Coastal Plain region, consisting of mixed deciduous and evergreen species with an understory of native shrubs and herbaceous groundcover. Portions of the site contain previously disturbed areas associated with existing access paths and developed features. Vegetative communities present on the property provide general wildlife habitat, stormwater infiltration capacity, and visual buffering but do not constitute unique or regionally rare plant communities based on available site reconnaissance.

The proposed subdivision has been designed to concentrate development within the interior and previously disturbed portions of the site, thereby minimizing clearing of intact woodland areas. Vegetation removal will be limited to areas necessary for roadway construction, building footprints, utilities, and stormwater facilities. Perimeter wooded areas and remaining interior vegetation will be preserved where practicable to maintain ecological continuity, visual screening, and microclimatic stability.

Temporary vegetation disturbance associated with construction will be mitigated through prompt stabilization, revegetation, and landscape restoration using appropriate native or adapted species. Permanent landscaping will enhance vegetative cover, improve site aesthetics, and provide supplemental habitat value.

No clearing is proposed within regulated wetland areas or environmentally constrained zones. Based on the limited extent of clearing, preservation of remaining woodland, and implementation of restoration and landscaping measures, the project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts to local vegetation communities.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Vegetation impacts are minimized by concentrating development within previously disturbed and interior portions of the property, thereby reducing clearing of intact woodland areas. Limits of disturbance are clearly delineated on the approved plans to prevent unnecessary encroachment into preserved vegetation and environmentally constrained areas. The project incorporates a dedicated Landscape and Tree Save Plan, Sheet C500, which identifies existing vegetation to be preserved, limits of clearing, tree protection measures, and proposed landscaping enhancements. This plan establishes protective fencing, preservation zones, and construction controls to safeguard retained trees and vegetation throughout construction activities. Perimeter wooded areas and remaining interior vegetation are retained where practicable to maintain visual buffering, ecological continuity, and microclimate stability. Utility alignments, roadway placement, and grading limits are coordinated to minimize tree removal and fragmentation of vegetated areas. Temporary disturbed areas are stabilized promptly through seeding, mulching, and soil stabilization to support revegetation and prevent soil loss. Permanent landscaping incorporates native or adapted plant species to restore vegetative cover, enhance habitat value, and provide long term site stabilization. Construction activities comply with approved soil erosion and sediment control measures to prevent impacts to root zones and adjacent vegetated areas.

5.8 Wildlife

The subject site is located within the Pinelands landscape region, as identified by the NJDEP NJ Wildlife Action Plan (NJDEP 2018). The Northern Pinelands Fringe CFA is composed of wetland and upland forest and wetland corridors associated with the Manasquan River and Metedeconk River drainages. While the forest structure tends to be more deciduous in nature than the core Pinelands, the area does share many similarities with the true Pine Barrens to the south. Significant portions of the Conservation Focal Areas (CFA) are preserved in Allaire State Park, Turkey Swamp Park, and other county and municipal holdings. However, some properties in the southern section of this CFA are privately held and may face imminent development. The CFA continues to support the northernmost occurrences of some important Pinelands or coastal plain species such as northern pine snake, pine barrens treefrog, and swamp pink.

NJDEP Office of Natural Lands Management, Natural Heritage Program (NHP) Database records for potential threatened/endangered species occurrences, as well as NJDEP Landscape Project Mappings which depict habitat polygons used to value areas for potential critical wildlife habitat were reviewed to obtain a list of species with potential to occur within the local area. According to the NJDEP Landscape Maps of Endangered, Threatened and Other Priority Wildlife (version 3.4) the site is mapped as Rank 4 habitat for timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) occupied habitat, and Rank 3 habitat for northern pine snake (Pituophis m. melanoleucus) occupied habitat and barred owl (Strix varia) breeding sighting (refer to Figure 13: Landscape Project v3.4 Map).

Vernal habitats contain pools that are confined depressions, either natural or man-made, that maintain ponded water for part of the year and are devoid of breeding fish populations. These temporary pools provide habitat to many species of amphibians, several of which breed exclusively in vernal pools, as well as a multitude of insects, reptiles, plants, and other wildlife. NJDEP Landscape Project mappings do not map the site or surrounding areas as within a confirmed or potential vernal habitat area.

Wildlife impact assessment

The project site consists primarily of upland woodland and previously disturbed areas located within an established residential setting surrounded by existing subdivisions and developed neighborhoods. The surrounding land use context limits the extent of contiguous habitat and reduces the likelihood that the site supports large or sensitive wildlife populations or regionally significant habitat corridors. Wildlife observed or expected to occur on site is anticipated to consist primarily of common and adaptable species typical of suburban and edge habitat environments, including small mammals, passerine birds, and herpetofauna associated with upland forest and transitional habitats.

No regulated freshwater wetlands, open water bodies, or perennial streams are proposed to be directly disturbed by the project, and no critical wildlife habitat areas have been identified within the proposed limits of disturbance based on available desktop screening and site reconnaissance. The site does not function as a primary movement corridor for large wildlife species due to surrounding roadway infrastructure and existing residential development.

Potential wildlife impacts are limited primarily to temporary displacement of common species during construction and localized loss of upland woodland habitat within the development footprint. These impacts are minimized through preservation of perimeter wooded areas, maintenance of existing drainage patterns in undisturbed areas, and implementation of a Landscape and Tree Save Plan that protects retained vegetation and maintains habitat structure. Disturbance limits and construction controls further reduce habitat fragmentation and edge effects.

Construction related noise and activity are temporary in nature and are not expected to result in long term adverse impacts to local wildlife populations. No lighting, operational noise, or traffic conditions are anticipated to materially alter wildlife movement or behavior beyond existing suburban baseline conditions.

Based on the site context, absence of documented sensitive species habitat, limited extent of disturbance, and incorporation of vegetation preservation measures, the proposed project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts to wildlife resources.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Wildlife impacts are minimized by concentrating development within previously disturbed and interior portions of the site, thereby reducing loss of intact upland habitat and maintaining perimeter wooded areas that provide refuge and movement opportunities for common wildlife species. Limits of disturbance are clearly delineated to prevent unnecessary encroachment into preserved areas and environmentally constrained zones. The Landscape and Tree Save Plan establishes vegetation preservation areas, tree protection measures, and restoration planting that maintain habitat structure and ecological function following construction.

Development will occur outside of freshwater wetlands, wetland buffers, riparian zones and waterways. Existing drainage patterns and undisturbed woodland areas are preserved to maintain localized habitat connectivity and foraging opportunities. Construction related impacts are temporary and are minimized through phased clearing, prompt site stabilization, and adherence to approved soil erosion and sediment control measures. Lighting and operational activity are consistent with surrounding residential development and are not expected to introduce significant new disturbance beyond existing baseline conditions.

Overall, the project minimizes wildlife impacts through habitat preservation, controlled disturbance limits, vegetation protection, and short duration construction effects.

5.9 Threatened & Endangered Species

5.9.1 Fauna

NJDEP Office of Natural Lands Management, Natural Heritage Program (NHP) Database records for potential threatened/endangered species occurrences, as well as NJDEP Landscape Project Mappings which depict habitat polygons used to value areas for potential critical wildlife habitat were reviewed to obtain a list of species with potential to occur within the local area. Based on these records, occurrences for the threatened or endangered species are documented within the local area (refer to Figure 13: Landscape Project (v3.4) Map for a depiction of local habitat polygons. The search did not identify any documented rare plant species, rare ecological communities, or Natural Heritage Priority Sites located directly on the project parcel. No vernal pool habitat or mapped rare stream habitat was identified on site.

The Landscape Project mapping indicates the presence of mapped occupied habitat for the Northern Pinesnake (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus), timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) and breeding habitat for the barred owl (Strix varia) on the project site. The mapping reflects habitat suitability and documented occupancy within the broader landscape patch and does not represent confirmation of individual animals at a specific point location.

No other threatened or endangered wildlife species, rare plant species, or sensitive ecological communities were documented as occurring directly on the site based on the NHP and Landscape Project review. The report notes that database information reflects existing records and mapping and does not replace the need for site-specific field investigations where warranted by regulatory agencies or permitting requirements.

5.9.2 Flora

DuBois reviewed the NJDEP GIS Natural Heritage Priority Sites Maps. The Natural Heritage Priority Sites Coverage was created to identify critically important areas to conserve New Jersey's biological diversity, with particular emphasis on rare plant species and ecological communities. According to the NJDEP, the site and surrounding areas lie outside of any Natural Heritage Priority Sites.

DuBois also reviewed the NJDEP GIS Natural Heritage Grid Map for data on rare plant species and ecological communities. The Natural Heritage Grid Map divides each U.S.G.S. quadrangle map into one hundred (100) cells, with each cell ranging from three hundred fifty-eight (358) to three hundred seventy-two (372) acres in size. If a rare plant or ecological community is documented anywhere within a cell, then the entire cell will be coded for the occurrence. Each grid cell is coded into one (1) of four (4) categories: 1) S – the location is precisely known within the cell; 2) M – the location is not precisely known but the documented location is only known to within 1.5 miles; 3) BOTH – both precisely known and less precise occurrences are found within the same cell; and 4) NONE – the cell does not contain any documented records. The site and surrounding area fall outside of any coded grid cells with occurrences for rare plant species or ecological communities.

The NJDEP Natural Heritage Program report has been requested, and upon receipt, any findings that materially affect the conclusions of this EIS will be incorporated through an updated analysis, as appropriate.

Threatened & Endangered Species impact assessment

Following a field review and desktop habitat assessment, the site was evaluated for its potential to support timber rattlesnake, northern pine snake and barred owl, all of which are species of conservation concern in New Jersey.

The subject property consists is dominated by forested upland and wetland habitat, characterized as mixed oak-pine forest, and is surrounded by existing residential development to the north, west, and south. Forested wetlands are located in the southern portion of the site and continue off site to the east and south.

Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), State endangered

The Timber Rattlesnake ranges as far north as northern New York in the east and southeastern Minnesota in the west. It ranges eastward to western Massachusetts, south to northern Florida, and west to eastern Texas. In New Jersey, there is a disjunct population located in the Pine Barrens; the next nearest population occurs in the mountainous region of northwestern New Jersey.

During September, when the day length shortens and the evenings begin to cool, timber rattlesnakes make their way to their hibernation sites. Timber Rattlesnakes in the Pine Barrens enter hibernation in mid to late October, while those types of northern New Jersey and New York may enter several weeks earlier due to the cooler temperatures of these areas. The disjunct populations of Timber Rattlesnakes in the Pine Barrens of southern New Jersey are known to hibernate along cedar streams rather than in rocky outcroppings used by their northern New Jersey relatives. In the coastal plain, the absence of rocky outcroppings necessitates a different hibernation strategy. The Pine Barrens rattlesnakes position themselves in underground flowing water at the base of cedar trees, where the root system of the trees provides protection. The constantly flowing water provided by a nearby stream prevents the snakes from freezing, enabling these ectothermic animals to remain relatively close to the surface of the ground. Warming water temperatures stimulate the snakes to emerge from hibernation, with first emergence occurring in mid to late April. The excessive shading, caused by increased tree and shrub growth over time, eliminates many basking areas surrounding

a den, and may ultimately force the snakes to find more suitable areas along road edges. The snakes in both areas of New Jersey do not remain in their denning areas for long but quickly migrate to active season foraging areas.

Small rodents and chipmunks are hunted with the aid of a keen sense of smell as well as infrared or heat sensing pits located on the snake’s face. Timber Rattlesnakes are not active hunters, however, but are termed “sit and wait predators.” This name is derived from their strategy of positioning themselves along mammal runways (often for days at a time) and waiting for prey to run past. Once potential prey comes within proximity to the snake, a strike is made and venom injected. The snake releases the prey immediately and then follows the scent of the dying animal, which may have wandered several feet away. After consuming the meal, as with other snakes, the timber rattlesnake remains sedentary in a warm location until digestion is complete (Zappalorti and Torocco 2002).

This species requires large tracts of unfragmented forest with specific features such as rocky slopes for denning and open canopy areas for basking and gestation. Timber rattlesnakes typically overwinter in root-bank refugia along cedar-lined streams where flowing water prevents freezing. The site does not offer critical basking or potential hibernation habitat. The isolation of the site by surrounding development further reduces its suitability as potential habitat or a viable travel corridor. Given the small footprint of disturbance, the absence of confirmed hibernacula and the absence of open basking areas, project activities are unlikely to reduce the availability or quality of timber rattlesnake habitat on site. Habitat is more likely to exist off site to the west and will remain available after construction.

Northern Pine Snake (Pituophis m. melanoleucus), State threatened

The northern pine snake is found in the northern and eastern-central regions of the country, in areas with sandy soils and dry upland forests. They occur in the southern portion of the state in the Pine Barrens, where they are isolated from other conspecifics much farther south in Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky and the Carolinas (Burger and Zappalorti 2011). They are a fossorial species limited to sandy soil habitats of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. This species of snake, which rarely climbs vegetation and prefers to be on the ground, has the ability to tunnel underground and excavate its own nests, summer dens and places to hibernate.

In mid spring, usually April in New Jersey, northern pine snakes begin emerging from their hibernacula. Hibernacula are generally located at the edges of clearings, in areas with sparse vegetation, and in places with sparse tree cover to allow sun penetration, although some are in denser cover (Burger and Zappalorti 2011). Dens may be dug at the bases of old decaying stumps, in abandoned mammal burrows, or other suitable refugia. Dry, sandy, pine-oak to oak-pine woodlands with open canopy areas are indicative of potential foraging habitat for this species. Northern pine snakes are known to eat mammals as large as rabbits, as well as small rodents and birds. They are usually most active in early morning or late afternoon when they leave their burrows to hunt. Later in the spring and even into early summer, males may actively seek out females laying pheromone trails and attempt to mate with them (Zappalorti and Torocco 2002).

Northern pine snakes are egg-layers and typically lay their eggs in underground nests that they excavate in open sandy areas. Sandy, infertile soil provides areas with limited vegetation and is a necessary medium for potential nesting sites. Nesting areas are most often characterized by open, treeless landscapes with bare loose sand and scattered ground vegetation. Both human-caused and natural disturbances are typically involved in creating the types of openings important for nesting and basking (Golden and Jenkins 2003). Eggs are usually laid in mid-summer (June and early July), and adult females have the tendency to re-use their nest sites year after year. The female may lay three to 16 eggs in the nesting chamber and then leaves the nest.

During early fall, northern pine snakes may follow scent trails back to their original overwintering sites or seek out another suitable hibernaculum. Cold weather in mid-October or early November will promote the descent of the snakes into the hibernacula, where they will remain until spring emergence (Zappalorti and Torocco 2002).

The following factors should be considered when evaluating habitat for pine snake:

• Proximity to suitable nesting habitat and potential hibernacula
• Overall area of contiguous upland forest/undeveloped land
• Vegetation community characteristics such as species composition, strata structure and variation, and canopy closure - Vegetation community characteristics such as species composition, strata structure and variation, and canopy closure

DuBois evaluated the site in August of 2025 for habitat features critical to the northern pine snake. Open, exposed sandy features indicative of suitable nesting habitat were absent from the site and its vicinity. Additionally, decaying logs and anthropogenic features which may offer subsurface refuge for snakes were minimal within the uplands. Although the basic vegetation composition is indicative of suitable foraging habitat for the species, the fragmented forest patches the site is associated with are limited to approximately 12-acres and fragmented by roadways and residential homes.

This area does not contain enough contiguous land to support the range of northern pine snakes and fragmentation has significantly limited access from or onto the site. It is the opinion of DuBois that development of the site does not pose adverse impacts to the northern pine snake or its habitat.

Barred Owl (Strix varia), State threatened

Barred owls are forest dwellers which rarely stray from forested swamps, or other mature old growth woodlands. Nesting habitat for this species requires extensive contiguous forests containing large, mature trees and snags for suitable cavity nests. They are typically found in remote wilderness areas that may also contain other rare species such as the red-shouldered hawk or the Cooper's hawk. Barred owls typically shun human activity by avoiding residential, agricultural, or commercial areas (Liguori 2003). Typical nesting trees are large, greater than 20 inches, live or dead (NJDEP 2013). Foraging usually occurs in and along open areas where prey can be easily seen, but because of the ability to pounce on prey rather than swoop, barred owls are able to forage in dense Pine Barrens habitats.

In their analysis of barred owl habitat use in southern New Jersey, Laidig and Dobkin (1992) found barred owls to be primarily associated with three habitat types; Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) swamp, pitch pine (Pinus rigida) lowland habitat, and hardwood swamp. Cedar swamp habitats featured typical understory vegetation of sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), while pitch pine lowlands featured inkberry (Ilex glauca) and highbush blueberry. Overstory tree species in hardwood swamps included tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulopifera), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), and red maple (Acer rubrum). Understory species were the same as those in the softwood swamps. In both cases, understory vegetation was considered dense and often contained large amounts of catbriar (Smilax spp.).

The diet of the barred owl consists of predominantly small mammals such as mice, voles, shrews, squirrels, rabbits, moles, rats and chipmunk. Barred owls may also consume frogs, lizards, small snakes, salamanders, spiders, crayfish, snails, slugs, fish, opposums, bats or small birds.

The following factors should be considered when evaluating a property for potentially critical barred owl habitat:

O Locational factors, such as proximity to development, density of development, other human factors, and agricultural lands

O Forest block size and community

○ Vegetative factors such as forest age, canopy height, species composition, stem density

○ Competitor influences

Barred owls prefer mature, contiguous forested wetlands and uplands with access to water bodies for foraging. These forested wetlands, particularly hardwood swamps and adjacent upland-forest edges, provide the large-diameter trees and contiguous canopy structure barred owls require for nesting and foraging. During our August 2025 field survey, no cavities with evidence of recent use (whitewash, pellets, prey remains or feathers) were observed on-site. The site, however, contains both mature canopy cover and appropriate aquatic features. Therefore, it is the opinion of DuBois that the site, and surrounding wetland areas contains suitable barred owl foraging habitat.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Based on current conditions and landscape context, no critical habitat for timber rattlesnake or northern pine snake is present on the property. The site is unsuitable for occupancy or use by either species due to habitat degradation, fragmentation, and lack of required structural or ecological features.

Due to the wetlands on site and in the vicinity, the site contains suitable barred owl habitat. The project location on site will remain outside of the wetland features and therefore the site and surrounding area will be able to support the barred owl post-construction.

No adverse impacts to threatened or endangered species or rare flora will occur because of the project.

5.10 Air Quality

Each year, the NJDEP Bureau of Air Monitoring produces an Air Quality Report, which summarizes air quality data for the entire State. The most recent report available is based on 2019 data. This report provides concentrations of individual pollutants and compares them to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The major objectives of monitoring air pollutant levels are:

• To provide an early warning system for pollutant levels that may have the potential to endanger public health;
• To assess air quality in light of established public health and welfare standards; and
• To track air pollution trends and changes in ambient air quality due to changes in the amount of pollutants emitted.

The NJDEP Bureau of Air Monitoring operated 3 ambient air monitoring stations. The stations vary in the number and type of monitors operating at each site. The NJDEP air monitoring program is primarily focused on the measurement of pollutants for which NAAQS have been established, also known as criteria pollutants. Criteria pollutant monitoring is regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), which prescribes the design and siting of the monitoring networks, the acceptable monitoring methods, and the minimum quality assurance activities. Only data which meet USEPA requirements can be used to determine compliance with the NAAQS. There are six criteria air pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), ozone (O 3), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), and particulate matter (PM).

New Jersey has been divided into nine (9) Pollutant Standards Index reporting regions. An air quality summary and forecast, known as the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) is reported daily for each region in New Jersey. Each pollutant monitored in the region is given a numerical PSI rating based on the concentration recorded for the previous day. The total PSI for the region is equal to the highest rating given to any pollutant within that region. A PSI rating of 100 or greater indicates that at least one pollutant has reached or exceeded the applicable primary ambient air quality standard.

In this region, monitoring sites are located at Colliers Mills and Monmouth University for ozone (O3), Toms River for particulate matter.

Table 2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

* ug/m3 - micrograms per cubic meter

* ppm - parts per million * mg/m3 - milligrams per cubic meter

Notes:

a. New Jersey standards are not to be exceeded more than once in any 12-month period, while National short-term standards are not to be exceeded more than once in a calendar year.

b. New Jersey standard only.

c. Intended as guideline for achieving short-term standards.

d. National Ambient Air Quality Standard.

e. National standards uses block averages, midnight to midnight, rather than moving averages.

• f.Maximum daily 1-hour average: averaged over a three (3) year period, the expected number of days above the standard must be less than or equal to one.
• Source: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Monitoring, 2019 Air Quality Report.

The Air Quality Report includes a listing of the Highest Pollutant Standards Index with the location for days that were Unhealthy (UH), Very Unhealthy (VUH), and Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (USG). In 2017, there were 143 “Good” days, 203 were “Moderate,” and 19 were rated “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” There were no days rated “Unhealthy” or “Very Unhealthy.” This indicates that air quality in New Jersey is mostly good or moderate, but that air pollution was still bad enough in 2019 to adversely affect sensitive people about 5% of the time. However, this is an improvement from the previous year, when 26 days were unhealthy for sensitive groups and there were two “Unhealthy” days.

Existing sources of air contaminants surrounding the site would primarily be emissions from vehicular traffic associated with surrounding roadways and development.

Air Quality Assessment

Existing air quality conditions in the project area reflect suburban background conditions influenced primarily by local traffic on Sams Road and nearby collector roadways, residential heating sources, and regional atmospheric conditions. The site is not located within or adjacent to any major stationary emission sources, industrial facilities, or designated air quality non attainment hot spots. Ambient air quality in Ocean County is regulated under State and federal air quality standards established by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Temporary air quality impacts associated with the project will occur primarily during construction activities and may include short term emissions of particulate matter from earthmoving operations, vehicle exhaust from construction equipment, and fugitive dust generated by material handling and exposed soils. These impacts are localized, intermittent, and limited in duration.

Operational air quality impacts following project build out are expected to be minimal. The traffic impact analysis prepared for the project evaluated weekday morning and evening peak hour conditions at the South Cooks Bridge Road and Gail Chambers Road intersection and determined that the proposed nine single family residences are expected to generate approximately twelve peak hour trips in the morning peak and approximately eleven peak hour trips in the evening peak. The study concluded that future year intersection operations will continue to function within acceptable capacity ranges and that no off-site roadway improvements are required. These findings indicate that the project will not materially increase congestion, idling, or vehicle delay that could result in localized air quality degradation (McDonough & Rea Associates).

No new stationary emission sources are proposed. Residential heating systems and typical household activities will not generate emissions at levels requiring air permitting or regulatory controls. Vehicular access will continue to utilize the existing roadway network that already serves surrounding residential subdivisions.

Based on the limited scale of development, modest traffic generation, absence of stationary emission sources, and temporary nature of construction related emissions, the project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts to local or regional air quality.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Air quality impacts are minimized by limiting the scale of development to a modest number of single family

residences, resulting in low incremental traffic generation and minimal long term mobile source emissions. The traffic analysis confirms that the project will not create congestion, extended vehicle idling, or operational deficiencies that could contribute to localized air quality degradation.

During construction, fugitive dust and equipment emissions will be controlled through implementation of dust suppression measures, including wetting of exposed soils and travel surfaces as needed, covering or stabilizing stockpiled materials, prompt stabilization of disturbed areas, and compliance with municipal requirements governing construction hours and equipment operation. Construction equipment will be properly maintained to minimize exhaust emissions.

Operational emissions are minimized by utilizing existing roadway infrastructure without requiring roadway widening or traffic signalization that could increase vehicle delay. No stationary emission sources requiring air permits are proposed. Overall, the project minimizes air quality impacts through controlled construction practices, modest traffic generation, and compliance with applicable air quality regulations.

5.11 Cultural, Historical and Archeological Resources

DuBois conducted a desktop search of the NJDEP Historic Preservation Office (HPO) records for the presence of any cultural, historical, or archeological resources located on or in the vicinity of the project site. The NJDEP NJ-GeoWeb Map Viewer data layers entitled “NJDEP Historic Properties of New Jersey”, “NJDEP Historic Districts of New Jersey” and “NJDEP Archaeological Site Grid of New Jersey” were reviewed. (refer to Figure 14: NJDEP Historic Districts and Properties Map). The Historic Properties, Historic Districts and Archaeological Site Grid data layers display historic properties and archaeological grids that are either included in the New Jersey or National Registers of Historic Places, have been determined eligible for inclusion through federal or state processes as administered by the New Jersey HPO, or have been identified through cultural resource survey or other documentation on file at the HPO. No historic properties, historic districts or archaeological site grids are mapped on the site.

Cultural, Historical and Archeological Resources impact assessment

The project site is located within a developed suburban area characterized by existing residential subdivisions, roadway infrastructure, and previously disturbed land uses. Based on review of available historic mapping, aerial photography, municipal records, and observable site conditions, the property does not contain any known structures, districts, or features listed on or eligible for listing on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places or the National Register of Historic Places.

The site has been subject to prior disturbance associated with existing structures, access roads, and utility activities, which reduces the likelihood that intact archaeological resources remain within the active development footprint. No documented archaeological sites or culturally significant features have been identified within the limits of proposed disturbance based on available desktop screening.

The proposed subdivision does not involve demolition of historically significant structures, alteration of historic landscapes, or modification of known cultural resources. No impacts to designated historic districts, scenic corridors, or publicly recognized cultural landmarks are anticipated.

Construction activities will be limited to shallow grading and utility installation within unconsolidated soils and previously disturbed areas. These activities are not expected to adversely affect undiscovered archaeological resources based on the low sensitivity of the site.

Based on the developed surrounding context, absence of known historic or archaeological resources on site, and limited scope of ground disturbance, the project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts to cultural, historical, or archaeological resources.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

As no cultural, historical or archeological resources were identified on the site, steps to minimize environmental impacts are not proposed.

5.12 Noise Characteristics

The site was previously developed with a single-family home. The site does not presently contribute any obtrusive noise impacts. The existing local noise levels primarily stem from the single-family homes to the north, west and south.

Noise assessment and impact

Existing noise conditions in the project area are typical of a suburban residential environment, with ambient sound levels influenced primarily by local roadway traffic, residential activities, and periodic service vehicles. No major industrial, commercial, or transportation noise sources are located in close proximity to the site.

Temporary increases in noise levels will occur during construction activities associated with site clearing, grading, utility installation, and roadway construction. These noise levels are intermittent, localized, and limited to daytime working hours in accordance with municipal noise ordinances. Construction related noise will diminish as individual phases are completed.

Operational noise following project build out is expected to be minimal and consistent with existing residential land uses. The proposed development consists of single family homes and does not introduce commercial activity, heavy truck traffic, or stationary mechanical equipment that would generate elevated noise levels. Traffic volumes generated by the project are modest and are not anticipated to materially increase roadway noise levels beyond existing conditions.

Based on the temporary nature of construction noise, modest operational activity, and compatibility with surrounding residential land uses, the project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse noise impacts.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Noise impacts are minimized by limiting the project to low intensity single family residential use, which does not generate sustained operational noise or heavy truck activity. Traffic volumes associated with the development are modest and do not materially increase roadway noise levels beyond existing suburban background conditions.

Construction related noise is controlled through compliance with municipal noise ordinances governing permitted work hours and equipment operation. Construction activities are temporary in nature and will be scheduled to minimize prolonged disturbance. Equipment will be properly maintained to reduce excessive engine and mechanical noise.

Where practicable, existing vegetation and perimeter wooded areas are retained to provide natural buffering between construction activities and adjacent properties. Overall, the project minimizes noise impacts

through land use compatibility, limited traffic generation, controlled construction practices, and regulatory compliance.

5.13 Aesthetics

Visual resources that define a landscape’s aesthetic quality are the lines, forms, spaces, colors, and textures experienced from where people live, work, recreate and travel. The quality of visual resources is important to those who reside in and travel through a landscape (USDA NRCS 2004). The site is developed with a residential dwelling and driveway. The site is surrounded by residential uses and forested uplands and wetlands.

Aesthetics assessment and impact

The project site is located within an established residential setting characterized by existing subdivisions, single family homes, internal roadways, and maintained landscaped areas. The surrounding visual environment reflects a suburban development pattern with a mix of wooded buffers, residential structures, and local road frontage. The site is currently partially wooded with limited visual prominence from public viewpoints.

The proposed subdivision is visually compatible with surrounding land uses and development patterns. Building scale, setbacks, and roadway configuration are consistent with nearby residential neighborhoods, and the subdivision layout reflects a logical continuation of existing cul de sac and local street design. Retention of perimeter wooded areas and incorporation of landscaping will provide visual buffering and maintain continuity with existing neighborhood character.

Temporary visual impacts will occur during construction due to clearing, equipment presence, and exposed soils. These conditions are short term and will be mitigated through prompt stabilization and restoration.

Following project build out, the development is not anticipated to result in significant adverse visual impacts. The project integrates into the existing suburban context and maintains aesthetic consistency with surrounding residential development.

Steps taken to minimize environmental impacts

Aesthetic impacts are minimized by designing the subdivision to be visually compatible with surrounding residential neighborhoods, including consistent building scale, setbacks, roadway configuration, and lot layout. Development is situated within an area already characterized by existing subdivisions, reinforcing continuity of neighborhood character and avoiding visual encroachment into undeveloped landscapes.

Perimeter wooded areas are retained where practicable to provide natural visual buffering and soften views of new development from adjacent properties and roadways. The Landscape and Tree Save Plan identifies vegetation preservation areas, tree protection measures, and supplemental landscaping that enhance site appearance and maintain visual continuity.

Temporary construction related visual impacts are minimized through staged clearing, defined limits of disturbance, prompt stabilization of exposed soils, and restoration planting following construction.

Overall, the project minimizes aesthetic impacts through compatible site design, preservation of existing vegetation, landscaping enhancements, and controlled construction practices.

6.0 REQUIRED LICENSES, PERMITS, AND APPROVALS

Table 3: Approvals Status

7.0 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS

The following alternatives were evaluated in demonstrating that the proposed location and design of the proposed development:

8.0 ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS THAT CANNOT BE AVOIDED

• No Development Alternative: Leaving the site in its existing condition would avoid short term construction impacts but would not advance municipal housing objectives, efficient use of land already served by public infrastructure, implementation of modern stormwater controls, or orderly infill development consistent with surrounding residential subdivisions.
• Alternate Location: Relocating the project to another site would likely require expansion of infrastructure, encounter greater environmental constraints, and reduce compatibility with established residential development patterns, offering no meaningful environmental or planning advantage over the subject site.
• Reduction of Scope: Reducing the number of lots would not materially decrease environmental impacts because roadway access, utilities, stormwater infrastructure, and grading would still be required, while potentially impairing project feasibility and efficient land utilization.

A number of undesirable environmental impacts are unavoidable during and after construction:

• A permanent displacement of the surficial geologic deposits in the form of underlying soils will occur because of additional grading, foundation and basin construction and other earth disturbances;

9.0 SUMMARY & DISCUSSION

• Traffic conditions within the area of the project will temporarily increase during the construction phase of the project, and will permanently increase as a result of the proposed development;
• Locally, temporary increases in noise levels will be encountered as a result of site clearing, heavy machinery, construction, and increased traffic conditions during construction.
• During construction, clearing and grading may give rise to wind-blown dust, soil erosion, sedimentation, and a reduction of air and water quality within the site. These adverse environmental impacts shall be controlled to the maximum extent possible through proper implementation of BMP environmental performance controls;
• The infrastructure of Jackson Township will be tasked with an increased demand for public services (police, fire, water, etc.) as well as electric and gas utilities for the site. This will result in increased municipal services as well as increased demand on natural resources;
• The proposed development will increase demand for water allocation and sewer demand;
• Solid waste (garbage, refuse) will be carted away; however, waste will be generated that will result in increased landfill storage;

As determined within this Environmental Impact Statement, the development area is located outside of all freshwater wetlands, wetland buffers, flood hazard areas, riparian zones, critical wildlife habitat, endangered or threatened wildlife species or rare vegetative species. Barred owl habitat present within the forested wetland, will remain unaffected post-construction.

Negative effects due to potential environmental impacts that cannot be avoided will be minimized through the proper implementation of environmental performance controls. To successfully implement measures to minimize environmental impacts to the maximum extent practicable, the applicant and designated contractors must follow strict adherence to all applicable soil erosion and sediment control BMPs contained within the Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey. It is also imperative that the applicant and designated contractors follow strict adherence to all applicable stormwater management BMPs contained within the NJDEP's N.J. Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, the NJDEP stormwater management requirements, as well as the control standards stipulated within the Jackson Township development ordinances.

The proposed project constitutes a beneficial and desirable use for the community. Careful planning, construction, and management of the project combined with adherence to environmental performance controls will limit the potential for adverse environmental impacts now and into the future.

10.0 REFERENCES

Bosakowski, T. 1987. Census of barred owls and spotted owls. In Proceedings on the Biology and Conservation of Northern Forest Owls, 307-308. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-142.

Bosakowski, T., and D.G. Smith. 1997. Distribution and species richness of a forest raptor community in relation to urbanization. J. Raptor Res. 31(1): 26-33

Dobkin, D.S. and K. Laidig. 1990. Population biology of barred owls in southern New Jersey. Unpublished report submitted to the NJDEP, Division of Fish, Game, and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program. 91 pp.

Haler Consulting. 2025. Preliminary and Final Major Subdivision Plan. 102 Sams Road; Block 20101, Lots 29 & 30; Township of Jackson, Ocean County, New Jersey, dated October 6, 2025.

Haler Consulting. 2025. Stormwater Report (SWMR). Preliminary and Final Major Subdivision Plan: Block 20101, Lots 29 & 30; Township of Jackson, Ocean County, prepared by Eric Halpert, PE and dated October 6, 2025.

McDonough & Rea Associates. 2025. Traffic Impact Analysis; Proposed Residential Subdivision; 102 Sams Road; Lots 29 and 30 in Block 20101, Jackson Township, Ocean County, dated December 23, 2025.

Jackson Township Land Use and Development Regulations.

Jackson Township Zoning Map

Alfredson, R.J. and May, D.N., 1978, "Construction Equipment Noise," Handbook for Noise Assessment.

Breden, T.F., Y.R. Alger, K.S. Walz, A.G. Windisch. 2001. Classification of vegetation communities of New Jersey: Second iteration. Association for Biodiversity Information and New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Natural Lands Management, Division of Parks and Forestry, NJ Dept. of Environmental Protection. Trenton, NJ.

Census Bureau. DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 and 2020 for Jackson Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 2025.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Website resources and GIS data. Accessed May 2024. http://www.fema.gov/index.shtml

Federal Interagency Committee for Wetland Delineation, 1989. Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, and U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Cooperative Technical Publication.

Golden, D.M. and D. Jenkins. 2003. Northern Pine Snake in Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of New Jersey. eds. Beans, B.E. and Niles, L. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey and London. 2003.

Liguori, et al., Beans, Bruce E. and Larry Niles (Eds). Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of New Jersey. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey and London. 2003.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Monitoring. 2019 Air Quality Report.

New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Revised Erosion Control Standards. Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control in New Jersey.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Geographical Information Systems, Accessed May 2025. Available Online at http://www.nj.gov/dep/gis/

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Watershed Management. New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Last updated in March 2021.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish and Wildlife. 2017. New Jersey Landscape Project, Version 3.4. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish and Wildlife. March 2018. New Jersey Wildlife Action Plan. Trenton, NJ.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Land Use Regulation. 2016. Surface Water Quality Standards N.J.A.C. 7:9B.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Monitoring and Standards, Bureau of Water Quality Standards and Assessment. 2014 New Jersey Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Protocols for the Establishment of Exceptional Resource Value Wetlands Pursuant to the Freshwater Wetland Protection Act (N.J.S.A. 13:9B-1 Et Seq.). Division of Land Use Regulation, Office of Natural Lands Management Division of Parks and Forestry and Endangered and Nongame Species Program Division of Fish and Wildlife. Updated June 2013.

New Jersey Geological Survey. 2003. New Jersey Geologic Survey Information Circular. Trenton, NJ.

New Jersey State Planning Commission. 2001. New Jersey State Development and Redevelopment Plan.

Reinert, H.K., and R.T. Zappalorti. 1988. Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) of the pine barrens: Their movement patterns and habitat preference. Copeia 4: 964-978.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Web Soil Survey. Available Online at http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm. Accessed May 2025.

U.S. Geological Service New Jersey Water Science Center. 2013. Aquifer and Well Characteristics in New Jersey. Available online at http://nj.usgs.gov/infodata/aquifers/table_1.html. Accessed May 2025.

Zappalorti, R.T. and M. E. Torocco. 2002. A Standardized Protocol for Sampling Rare Snakes in the New Jersey Pine Barrens: Critical Habitat Assessment, Survey Techniques, and Trapping Methods. Submitted to Carleton Montgomery, Executive Director The Pinelands Preservation Alliance 114 Hanover Street, Pemberton, New Jersey 08068.

Zappalorti, R.T. and M. Torocco. 2002. A Standardized Protocol for Sampling Rare Snakes in the New Jersey Pine Barrens: Critical Habitat Assessment, Survey Techniques, and Trapping Methods. 2nd Draft. Herpetological Associates, Inc. Publication submitted to the Pinelands Preservation Alliance. 66 pp.

Zappalorti, R.T. and M. Torocco. A Standardized Protocol for Sampling Rare Snakes in the New Jersey Pine Barrens: Critical Habitat Assessment, Survey Techniques, and Trapping Meth-ods. 2nd Draft. Herpetological Associates, Inc. July 2002.

Figures

Job No.: D1578.019

Date: 8/4/2025

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Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

Figure 1

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Legend Site Boundary

Wild Dunes Way

Cog Hill Ct

Crooked Stick Rd

Pitney Ln

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New Jersey Road Map

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Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

Figure 2

This map was developed using Geographic Information Systems Digital Data. This map is for visual display purposes only and all locations are approximate.

NE Lakehurst NJ USGS Quadrangle Map

Scale: 1 in = 1,500 ft

Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

Figure 3 Date: 12/11/2025

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Aerial Map

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Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

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NJ State Planning Areas Map

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Jackson Township Zoning Map

Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

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NJ Bedrock Geology Map

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Legend Site Boundary

WEATHERED COASTAL PLAIN FORMATIONS

UPPER STREAM TERRACE DEPOSITS

ALLUVIUM

Feet

150

PLAIN FORMATIONS

Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

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NJ Surface Geology Map

Figure 8

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Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

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Ocean County Soil Survey Map

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NJDEP Freshwater Wetlands Map

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FEMA Preliminary Flood Map

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Legend

Site Boundary

Other Urban or Built-up Land

Brushland/Shrubland

Coniferous Forest

Deciduous Forest

Residential

Cropland and Pastureland

Feet 150

Brushland/Shrubland

Coniferous/Deciduous Forest

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Vegetation Communities Map.

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NJDEP Landscape Project (v3.4) Map

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Block 20101 * Lot 29 & 30 Jackson Township, Ocean County, NJ

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NJDEP Historic Districts and Properties Map

Figure 14 Job No.: D1578.019 Scale: 1 in = 500 ft

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Appendix A Site Photographs

Photo 1: View of the single-family home, driveway, and front yard onsite.

Photo 2: Frontage of site along Sams Road.

Photo 3: Dove Mill Branch tributary and representative hydric vegetation.

Photo 4: Representation of hydric soil found within the wetland areas onsite.

Photo 5: Representation of upload vegetation found along the southern portion of the site.

Photo 6: Additional representation of upland vegetation onsite.

Appendix B Qualifications of Preparer

CONTACT

609-488-2857

kwildman@denviro.com

190 N. Main St. Manahawkin, NJ 08050

EDUCATION

University of Delaware, 2002: B.S. Environmental Science

CERTIFICATIONS

Professional Wetland Scientist – Society of Wetland Scientists (Number 3055)

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

The Society of Wetland Scientists.; Member

New Jersey Chapter of the Society of Women Environmental Professionals; Member

Environmental Assessment Association: Certified Environmental Inspector

KRISTIN WILDMAN

SR. PERMITTING COORDINATOR

FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

Kristin Wildman has over 21 years of experience in project management, land use regulatory compliance, wetland science, soil science, biology, and ecology. She has extensive knowledge in managing environmental projects from the initial field study phase through regulatory application and approval.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

As a Senior Environmental Consultant and Project Manager at DuBois and Associates, Ms. Wildman oversees all aspects of project management, ensuring that environmental regulations and permitting requirements are met. She works closely with clients to organize projects and proposals and coordinates with professional engineers, attorneys, and regulatory agencies. Ms. Wildman's expertise includes evaluating compliance with the Coastal Zone Management Rules, Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act, Flood Hazard Area Control Act, Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan, Section 10 of the River and Harbors Act, and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Ms. Wildman diligently secures regulatory approvals and permits for projects within environmentally sensitive areas, including CAFRA zones, wetlands, flood hazard areas and waterfronts. Based on the permit analyses and project designs, she prepares compliance statements and provides all logistical and technical support to obtain environmental permits pursuant to the NJDEP and USACE regulations. She also prepares and oversees applications for NJDEP Bureau of Tidelands Management conveyance instruments. Mrs. Wildman continuously stays up to date with changing environmental regulations. Additionally, she has significant experience conducting wetland delineations and habitat surveys, authoring environmental reports, Her work also includes conducting natural resource inventories, endangered species assessments, and monitoring efforts under USFWS and NJDEP regulations. Ms. Wildman has provided expert testimony and presentations to local and state agencies on various environmental topics and has participated in volunteer survey efforts with the USFWS. She has played a key role in the development of best management practices for her clients and has contributed to the improvement of regulatory frameworks by providing feedback and recommendations to policymakers. Ms. Wildman also mentors junior environmental scientists, providing guidance on field methodologies, regulatory compliance, and professional development to help build the next generation of environmental experts.

Ms. Wildman actively drives business development and client outreach by representing the company at industry associations and chamber of commerce, fostering strategic partnerships and expanding market presence.

CONTINUING EDUCATION

Rutgers University Methodology for Delineating Wetland, Hydric Soils & Wetland Vegetation Identification

The Role of the Environmental Consultant in Litigation

NJDEP Coastal Project Review

NJDEP Flood Hazard Area Control Act Rules

Environmental Audits & Site Assessments

Environmental Data Resources Vapor Intrusion Risk & Due Diligence Challenges in the Real World

MAAPS Training Workshop Hydric Soils

PROJECTS OF RELEVANCE

Atlantic Capes, Lund's Fisheries and Cold Spring Fish & Supply Co. Ports Rehabilitation

Ecological and environmental work was completed to assist commercial fisheries clients in conducting environmental constraints evaluations and permit analyses for improvements to their commercial facilities. Mrs. Wildman works directly with the engineers in assisting with design of the project to ensure compliance of proposed improvements pursuant to State waterfront development, CAFRA, freshwater wetlands, and flood hazard regulations. Mrs. Wildman also coordinates with the NJDEP and USACOE with regard to permit requirements and to ensure no adverse impacts to documented state and federal threatened and endangered species habitat. Mrs. Wildman prepared all necessary permit applications and ensured continued cooperative coordination with the regulatory agencies to ensure receipt of the applicable permit approvals for the port projects.

Nichomus Run Solar and Sheep Farm

Provided environmental and ecological support to a major development firm to assist in the state and local approvals of a large scale solar energy project. Mrs. Wildman prepared an Environmental Impact Report upon land proposed for the construction of a 150 Megawatts photovoltaic (PV) facility. She supervised site investigations of the entire site to observe and inventory hydrology, freshwater wetlands, soils, vegetation communities, wildlife, ecotone areas, and existing and surrounding land uses. Mrs. Wildman was also responsible for the delineation of on-site wetlands, testimony at the municipal zoning board use variance hearing, preparation of an application report and environmental report for a Flood Hazard Verification and a Freshwater Wetland Letter of Interpretation Line Verification application to New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.

First Energy X-50 Submarine Cable Crossing Repair

Prepared and submitted several NJDEP Waterfront Development Individual Permits pursuant to the Coastal Zone Management Rules and Flood Hazard Area Control Act Rules, as well as (USACE) Department of Army Permits for proposed utility route repairs between Berkeley Township and Seaside Park Borough in Ocean County. DuBois was also responsible for conducting submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) surveys along the project route consistent with National Marine Fisheries Service conditions. Survey methods utilized two-tiered approach pursuant to the Joint Federal Agency Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Survey Guidance for the New England Region. DuBois worked with a subcontractor and utilized side scan sonar as an alternative method for measuring seagrass cover in this shallow environment.