← PawpawLex09e.pdf

Rebuilt HTML — PaddleOCR-VL (Baidu)

Content placed at each item's bbox to mirror the original PDF layout (font sizes are estimated). overlay · view JSON

Semantic Positioned (like PDF)
Page 1 Download HTML
A Summary of Pawpaw Regional Variety Trials
Kirk Pomper*1, Sheri Crabtree*1, Joseph Masabni2, Desmond Layne3, Neal Peterson4, and Dwight Wolfe2
1Kentucky State University, Frankfort;2Univ. of Kentucky, Dept. of Horticulture;3Dept. of Horticulture, Clemson Univ.;4Peterson Pawpaws
Page 2 Download HTML
A Summary of Pawpaw Regional Variety Trials
Potential for Pawpaw in Kentucky
Production Information
Summary of Variety Trials
Cultivar Recommendations
Page 3 Download HTML
Introduction:
What is Pawpaw?
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal.
Native tree fruit in the southeastern U.S.
Fruit can weigh up to 2 lbs.
Page 4 Download HTML
Pawpaws in the Wild
triloba is usually found in the forest understory in hardwood forests
Clonal reproduction by root suckering
You may not find many fruit (shade, self-incompatibility, lack of pollinators)
Page 5 Download HTML
The Pawpaw Fruit
Tropical-like flavor and aroma resembles mixture of banana, mango, and pineapple.
Custard-like fruits are berries
The fruit is very nutritious and high in antioxidant activity.
Could be used in blended fruit drinks, ice creams, yogurt, etc.
Page 6 Download HTML
Pawpaw Market Potential
Farmers Markets
Fruit: $1 each
$2 to $3/pound
Gourmet Market
Frozen pulp
Ice cream
Restaurants
Page 7 Download HTML
Pawpaw Production
“Pawpaw Planting Guide”
Site
air drainage (frost)
deep, fertile, well-drained soil, pH 5.5-7.0
water source for irrigation
Page 8 Download HTML
Seedlings and Cultivars
Seedlings produce fruit in 5-8 years
Grafted cultivars can produce fruit in 3 years; know fruit quality
Takes about 5-6 years to reach full production
Pricing
Seedlings $5.00-$10.00
Grafted trees $15.00-$30.00
Page 9 Download HTML
Establishing a Pawpaw Orchard
Pawpaw will fruit in the shade, optimum yields are obtained in open exposure
Shading recommended the first year
Irrigation should be provided at least the first two years
Page 10 Download HTML
Pawpaw Pruning
Page 11 Download HTML
8' between trees, 18' between rows
295 trees/ac
Tree seldom grow taller than 25 feet
Page 12 Download HTML
Flowering and Harvest Time
Flowers can be found on the same tree from early April until May in Kentucky
Ripe fruit should yield when squeezed and give way with a gentle tug
Color change not a reliable indicator of ripeness
Fruit may be harvest from the same tree over several weeks
Page 13 Download HTML
Pawpaw Pests
Organic production possible?
Some Past Problems
Japanese beetles
Leaf rollers
Zebra swallowtail butterfly-not necessarily a pest
Talponia plummeriana - pawpaw peduncle borer
Page 14 Download HTML
Pawpaw Regional Variety Trials (RVT)
Page 15 Download HTML
Pawpaw Regional Variety Trial Cooperators and Cooperating Institutions
Conceived by R. Neal Peterson (PawPaw Foundation) and Desmond Layne (then KSU)
12 Locations across the United States Contains 10 cultivars and 18 selections from R. Neal Peterson and PPF.
Contains 10 cultivars and 18 selections from R. Neal Peterson and PPF.
Page 16 Download HTML
StateCooperatorInstitutionLocation
IndianaBruce BordelonPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette
IowaPatrick O'Malley and Tom WahlIowa State UniversityCrawfordsville, Iowa
KentuckyKirk PomperKentucky State UniversityFrankfort, Ky.
KentuckyJoseph MasabniUniv. of KentuckyPrinceton, Ky.
LouisianaCharlie JohnsonLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, La.
MichiganDennis FulbrightMichigan State UniversityJackson, Mich.
NebraskaStan Matzke/Bill GustafsonUniv. of NebraskaLincoln, Nebr.
New YorkIan MerwinCornell UniversityIthaca, N.Y.
North CarolinaMike ParkerN.C. State UniversityRaleigh, N.C.
OhioBrad BergefurdOhio State UniversityPiketon, Ohio
OregonKim HummerUSDA-NCGRCorvallis, Ore.
South CarolinaGreg ReighardClemson UniversityClemson, S.C.
Page 17 Download HTML
Some Desirable Pawpaw Tree characteristics
Small tree size, easier harvest
Precocious bearing, 4 years or less
Vigorous growth with low to medium inputs
Open branching with strong crotch angles
High flower density
High fruit set under natural pollination
Consistently high fruit yields
Cold hardiness and drought tolerance
Page 18 Download HTML
Some Desirable Pawpaw Fruit Characteristics
FRUITFULNESS over 40 fruit per tree FLAVOR sweet, firm texture, delicate blend of flavors, rich but not cloying, no bitter aftertaste FLESHINESS
sweet, firm texture, delicate blend of flavors, rich but not cloying, no bitter aftertaste FLESHINESS visually: mostly flesh. by weight: less than 5% of the fruit is seed FRUIT SIZE over 10 ounces
SEEDS
over 45 seeds per oz., av. seeds as small as 3/4" (2 cm) long APPEARANCE bright clear colors, no brown mottling (ripe); even, symmetrical PECULIARITIES SKIN: waxy/ fuzzy/ thick and hard/ yellow/ bluish. FLESH (ripe): white/ pink/ red. SEEDS: in a single row. RIPENING TIME: early / late KEEPING ABILITY: 2+ in refriger.
Page 19 Download HTML
Collections
Neal Peterson and Dr. Harry Swartz began collecting pawpaw germplasm in 1981
They assembled a germplasm collection of about 1500 accessions
Open pollinated seedlings from the historic collections of Buckman, Zimmerman, Hershey, Allard, the Blandy Experimental Farm, Ray Schlaanstine, and some modern cultivars
Page 20 Download HTML
Objective
To evaluate commercially available named pawpaw varieties and PPF's advanced selections in Kentucky
Page 21 Download HTML
Materials and methods
28 selections, 10 named varieties, 224 total grafted trees on PPF seedling rootstock (half-sib seed)
■ Spacing 2 m (6.5 ft) between trees, 5.5 m (18 ft) between rows
Page 22 Download HTML
Commercially Available Cultivars
CloneGenetic background
‘Middletown’Wild seedling from Middletown, Ohio
‘Mitchell’Wild seedling from Iuka, Ill.
‘NC-1’‘Davis’ female × ‘Overleese’ male
‘Overleese’Cultivated (open-pollinated) seedling from Rushville, Ind.
‘PA-Golden’Second-generation seedling from G.A. Zimmerman collection
‘Sunflower’Wild seedling from Chanute, Kansas.
‘Taylor’Wild seedling from Eaton Rapids, Mich.
‘Taytwo’Wild seedling from Eaton Rapids, Mich.
‘Wells’Cultivated (open-pollinated) seedlings from Salem, Ind.
‘Wilson’Wild seedling from Cumberland, Ky.
Page 23 Download HTML
Seedlings of Commercially Available Cultivars
CloneGenetic background
1-7-1 ShenandoahOpen-pollinated seedling of ‘Overleese’
1-23Open-pollinated seedling of ‘Taylor’
1-68Open-pollinated seedling from ‘Overleese’
8-20Open-pollinated seedlings of ‘Sunflower’
Page 24 Download HTML
Seedlings from Collections
CloneOpen-pollinated seedling of
1-7-2 WabashBEF-30
2-10BEF-30
2-54GAZ-VA
3-11BEF-33
3-21BEF-43
4-2 PotomacBEF-53
5-5BEF-54
7-90RS-2
8-58 RappahannockBEF-30
9-47BEF-49
9-58BEF-50
10-35BEF-49
11-5 SusquehannaBEF-53
11-13BEF-53
BEF = Blandy Experimental Farm Collection, Boyce Va.
GAZ = George A. Zimmerman Collection., Linglestown, Pa.
RS = Ray Schlaanstine Collection, West Chester, Pa.
Page 25 Download HTML
Page 26 Download HTML
Fruit Production on Mature Trees 2004-2006 in Frankfort
CloneAverage fruit weight (g)Average number of fruit per tree
3-11137 efgh68 ef
7-90135 fghi74 def
1-23126 ghij90 cde
11-13124 hij75 def
Taytwo121 hijk73 def
2-54121 hijk73 def
3-21115 ijkl60 fghi
Mitchell112 jkl58 fghi
PA-Golden108 jklm118 ab
Taylor106 jklm68 efg
Wells104 klm64 fgh
9-47100 lm74 def
RappahannockImage96 bcd
Wilson128 a
Middletown74 def
Page 27 Download HTML
What cultivars should I plant?
Page 28 Download HTML
NC-1
Fruit weight: 167 g
Number of fruit/tree: 36
Good flavor
Available from many commercial nurseries
NC-1
Page 29 Download HTML
Overleese
Fruit weight: 157 g
Number of fruit/tree: 40
Good flavor (melon)
Available from many commercial nurseries
Page 30 Download HTML
Sunflower
Fruit weight: 165 g
Number of fruit/tree: 63
Mild flavor
Available from many commercial nurseries
Sunflower
Page 31 Download HTML
Potomac
Fruit weight: 244 g
Number of fruit/tree: 31
Good flavor
Fruit cracking?
Peterson Pawpaws
Limited availability
Potomac
Page 32 Download HTML
Shenandoah
Fruit weight: 157 g
Number of fruit/tree: 61
Mild flavor
Peterson Pawpaws
Limited availability
Page 33 Download HTML
Susquehanna
Fruit weight: 184 g
Number of fruit/tree: 39
Good flavor
Peterson Pawpaws
Limited availability
Susquehanna
Page 34 Download HTML
Wabash
Fruit weight: 183 g
Number of fruit/tree: 51
Dark flesh
Cracking issues
Peterson Pawpaws
Limited availability
Wabash
Page 35 Download HTML
Pawpaw RVT Overview
There is great variation in fruit size, yield, and quality among the pawpaw selections examined
About 4 to 5 years to come into production
A number of pawpaw selections in the trial show promise for production in Kentucky [Potomac, Susquehanna, Wabash, Overleese, Shenandoah, NC-1, and Sunflower] can be recommended.
Page 36 Download HTML
KENTUCKY STATE UNIVERSITY Insighting Immersion. Gravating Leaders. Advertising Heartsacky
Pawpaw Links
Personnel
Contact Information
Recent PowerPoint Presentations on pawpaw, gooseberries and currants, and blackberries NEW
Register for the KSU/OPGA/PPF Pawpaw Workshop to be held on September 6, 2008 NEW
2008 Nursery List NEW
2008 Cultivar List NEW
Updated Kentucky Nut Growers Association Website NEW
Google™ Custom Search
Search Site
Pawpaw Bibliography and Search Tool NEW
KSU Reports and Publications NEW
PawPaw Foundation
2008 Ohio Pawpaw Festival Website NEW
Ohio Pawpaw Growers Association
Pawpaw FAQ
http://www.pawpaw.kysu.edu/ Pawpaw Information Website Frankfort, Kentucky
super.
KSU Pawpaw Program
The pawpaw (Asimina triloba) fruit has both fresh market and processing appeal, with a tropical like flavor that resembles a combination of banana, mango, and pineapple. Kentucky State University has the only full-time pawpaw research program in the world as part of the VSTU and Great Dمامه.
Page 37 Download HTML