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Nutritional Information on Currants

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Table 3. Nutritional composition of raw currant, gooseberry, apple, strawberry and orange fruit (per 100-g edible portion).2

2Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Library (2002).3Food calorie - 1000 g calories of heat.4I.U. - international units; 28.35 g - 28,350 mg - 1.0 oz.

Black currants are high in anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity (Moyer et al., 2002a, 2002b).

Hummer and Barney (2002) in HortTechnology 12:377-387

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Table 2. World production of currants for 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2001 in metric tons (t).2

2Information from United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization (2002).31 t - 1.1 tons.

•North American currant production is small and unreported on the world market.

•Currants were grown widely in the U.S. and during the late 1800s and early 1900s, when production was halted because of white pine blister rust.

Hummer and Barney (2002) in HortTechnology 12:377-387

Propagating Gooseberries and Currants

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Currants are easily propagated by hardwood cuttings of one-year old wood.

Take one-foot cuttings of dormant wood in late winter, dip the base in rooting hormone and pot in ordinary soil.

Cuttings will quickly root and are best kept in part shade for the first year.

Tip layering is a surer method of propagation of gooseberries than cuttings.

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Pruning Gooseberries and Currants

Produce the majority of their fruit on 2 and 3-year-old shoots, and Shoots 4 years and older produce very little fruit.

After the first growing season, remove all but 6 to 8 vigorous, healthy shoots.

The following year, leave 4 or 5 one-year-old shoots and 3 or 4 two-year-old canes.

After the third growing season, keep 3 or 4 shoots each of one-, two-, and three-year-old growth.

Prune in late winter or early spring

White Pine Blister Rust

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Early in the 1900's, white pine blister rust became a serious disease problem in the United States

White pine blister rust requires both a Ribes species and white pine to complete its life cycle

In an attempt to prevent the spread of white pine blister rust, the federal government banned the planting and cultivation of currants and gooseberries early in the twentieth century

The federal government lifted the ban in 1966 and there are now currants and gooseberries that are resistant to white pine blister rust

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New Gooseberries to Try:

Tixia™ (Rafz Switzerland, 1990) has large (similar to Invicta), bright red fruit; elongated and quite smooth that ripens mid-season. In addition to the attractive fruit, Tixia one year shoots have few thorns and the thorns are relatively soft; usually as single thorns with very few, if any, on the upper part of shoots. Growth is medium to strong, upright. NY

Gooseberries at KSU

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Black Currants

Titania (US Plant Patent No. 11,439) (Altajskaja Desertraja x [Consort x Kajaanin Musta] - Tamas)

Titania is immune to White Pine Blister Rust and has resistance to powdery mildew. Fruit size is large, similar to Ben Lomond, and fruit quality is good.

Black Currants

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'Consort'

introduced in 1952. Fruit quality is fair to poor and berry size small to medium. Yields low. Has the Cr gene for immunity to white pine blister rust but, is very susceptible to powdery mildew

'Crusader'

Similar to Consort, needs pollinizer

Black Currants at KSU

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'Crandell'

Discovered by R.W. Crandall, Newton, Kansas, introduced in 1888.

North American native species, Ribes aureum var. villosum, also known as the clove currant.

Bright yellow spring flowers.

◆ Fruit is mild, sweet, pleasant, and very different from European black currants.

Performs well in hot summers, resistant to white pine blister rust, and no damage from powdery mildew.

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Black Currants at KSU

(Titania is the best bet for planting)

Red Currants to Consider

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‘Rovada’

Introduced from the Netherlands, in 1980. Susceptible to powdery mildew and somewhat susceptible to white pine blister rust.

Viking

Introduced form Norway in 1945. Moderately resistant to powdery mildew. Hypersensitive resistance to white pine blister rust.

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Currants to Consider:

Pink Champagne has beautiful translucent pink fruit of good quality and flavor. It is best suited for home gardens as it is easy to grow but not a terrific yielder. It has a vigorous upright growth habit and is resistant to leaf diseases. NY

Powdery mildew present in 2006 in KY

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Red and White Currants at KSU

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Jostaberries

Josta (Germany, 1977)

This thornless plant is resistant to gray mold, mildew and white pine blister rust.

Net-like russetting on the leaf surface has not been associated with any insect or pathogen.

<table><tr><td></td></tr></table>

Jostaberries at KSU

Summary

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Gooseberries and currants have potential for sale at farmers markets in Kentucky.

Kentucky recommendations:

The gooseberries cultivars Hinnomaki Red and Amish Red perform well with low input culture

Poorman should also be considered.

The black currant cultivars Titaina (with 5 needle pines nearby) and Ben Lomond (W/O Pines).

The red currant cultivars Rovada and Jonkeer Van Tets.

The white currant cultivar White Imperial or Primus.

The Jostaberry cultivar ORUS 10.