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Glossary of Terms

The following explain the most commonly used terms in the travel industry. Please contact us if you'd like explanations for any other terms, or have any which you would like us to add to the list.

Airline Alliance	See ‘Codeshare’
Baggage Allowance	Amount of baggage a passenger may transport without having to pay extra charges. Each air carrier determines this allowance – for both hand and hold luggage.
Bill Back	A procedure where the TMC pays for the service (flight, hotel, car hire etc) on the client’s behalf and then re-charges the client with the cost.
Boarding Pass	A ticket issued at check-in (online or airport) that allows boarding of plane, ship etc
Bulkhead Seats	Seats near the Emergency Exit. Often believed to have extra leg room, but often slightly restricted due to the extra space taken up by the Emergency Exit Door.
Bumping	See ‘Overbooking’
Cancellation penalty	A fee charged to passengers that cancel flights after booking reservations. Fees typically vary based on the carrier.
Change fee	Fees collected by the airlines when a passenger makes changes to a restricted or penalty ticket.
Chartered Flight	A flight whereby booking is not scheduled, and the flight is tailored to fit with the passengers’ plans. Chartered flights are most commonly found as part of a holiday package, where the holiday company will hire a plane to fly to a specific destination on a certain day.
Check-in	The process required prior to boarding a flight, or gaining access to a hotel room.
CRS (Computer Reservation System) [also known as GDS (Global Distribution System)]	An international computer system that accesses many databases of airlines, hotels and is the tool that TMC consultants use to book travel.
Codeshare	A partnership between airlines allowing one airline to sell another carrier’s flight and operate using the partner carrier’s name and flight number.
Corporate Loyalty Scheme	Similar to a Frequent Flyer Program, however the traveller’s organisation earns points, which can be redeemed to potentially offset travel expenditure.

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Electronic ticket	A paperless ticket that allows travellers to fly with only a photo ID. Commonly referred to as “E-ticket’s”, they cannot be lost or stolen because it is an electronic reservation.
Ex-...	Departs from...
Fare Basis	The code that determines the price and rules restrictions on a ticket.
Fare Rules	To distinguish one fare level from another, the airlines assign special purchasing rules and restrictions. Generally, the lower the fare, the more restrictions a fare has (such as 21 day advance purchase or Saturday night stay or travel on a certain day of the week).
Frequent Flyer Program	A membership program offered directly to the traveler by the air carrier enabling members to accumulate miles (points) personally and redeem them according to the terms and conditions of the air carrier.
Global Distribution System (GDS)	See CRS
Hub	A city in which an airline has a major presence. Often, it is the city in which the airline was formed ie Amsterdam is the Hub for KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.
Layover (also known as Stopover)	The period of time spent between connecting flights
Low Cost Airline	Often perceived to be the “budget” end of the market and charge you for ancillary services such as meals, seats, luggage etc
Minimum connect time	The shortest time required in order to successfully transfer to a connecting flight. It is recommended to select a connecting flight that exceeds the minimum connection time.
No Show	A traveller that doesn’t appear for their flight, hotel, or car rental reservation
Non-refundable tickets	A ticket in which no money will be returned if the customer no longer intends to use the ticket
Non stop	A flight that travels directly to its destination without connections or layovers.
Overbooking [also known as Bumping]	When a carrier books more reservations than available seats. This often results in compensation being offered to passengers to travel on later flights.
Passenger Name Record (PNR) [also known as Record Locator]	The official name of one’s reservation in a computer reservation system (CRS or GDS). This number is unique, as it will never be assigned again.
Pre-paid	Services such as hotels offer discounted rates for payment up front. In such circumstances, the hotel’s cancellation policy should be thoroughly checked as it may offer no changes or refunds.
Record Locator	See Passenger Name Record

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Reissue	When a new ticket is issued as a result of a change of plans. This can often require fees or penalties from the airport.
Re-validation	A method by which an airline gives the authority to change a flight time or date of travel without having to reissue the ticket (may only be done if cities and fares are not changed).
Scheduled carrier	An airline that offers regularly scheduled flights between destinations.
Stopover	See Layover
Through Flight	A flight with a number of layovers where the airlines have an alliance (codeshare), thereby offering benefits to the traveller, such as luggage checked through to final destination.