4.2.4 Sea Temperature
ObservedThe seas around Ireland have been warming at a rate 0.60 C per decade since 1994, which is unprecedented in the 150 year observational record. The greatest warming has been observed over the Irish Sea [41].
ProjectedIn line with global changes, the seas around Ireland are projected to continue warming over the coming decades. Projected changes for the Irish Sea indicate a warming for all seasons with the highest warming in Autumn and the lowest in Spring [30]. However, due to a limited number of climate model projections, projected changes remain uncertain. With increasing atmospheric CO2, ocean acidity is projected to increase with potential impacts on the marine food webs.
Summary of ChangeIn line with global trends, the seas around Ireland are expected to continue warming.
Climate Risks IdentifiedCoastal floodingCoastal erosionEffects on marine bio-diversity
4.2.5 Surface Air Temperature
Observed Observations indicate an increase in the surface temperature for Ireland of 0.8°C since 1900. In addition, the number of warm days has increased while the number of frost days has decreased [42].
Projected Mean air temperatures are expected to increase everywhere and for all seasons relative to the present [38]. With increasing air temperatures, an increase in the intensity and duration of heat waves is expected, with a coincident decrease in the occurrence of frost days likely [38]. Projections indicate that the warmest 5% of daily maximum summer temperatures (TMAX 95%) are expected to increase more strongly than those of average seasonal temperatures with most regions experiencing an increase in TMAX 95% of 0.7 to 2.6°C [38].