Mosquito presence/absence; 2. Mosquito abundance; 3. Mosquito seasonality; 4. Mosquito infection rate and xenomonitoring; 5. Mosquito behavioural traits; 6. Insecticide/biocide resistance; 7. Other (please specify for each mosquito group); None; Don't know/NA

3.12. What are the mosquito surveillance objectives in your country? Multiple answers per mosquito group are possible.

Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; 2. Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; 3. Assessment of nuisance levels; 4. Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); 5. Assess quality/efficiency of mosquito control interventions; 6. Other (please specify for each mosquito group); Don't know/NA

3.13. What type of mosquito surveillance is implemented in your country for the indicators listed below? See definition of active and passive surveillance above. Provide this for following activities: WNV vectors: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy; Aedes invasive mosquitoes: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy

Active; 2. Passive; 3. Active and passive; None, Don't know/NA

3.14. Where is the mosquito surveillance activity implemented? Specify for each mosquito group and activity. Provide this for following activities: WNV vectors: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy; Aedes invasive mosquitoes: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy

Country wide; 2. Certain parts of the country; Don't know/NA

3.15. If mosquito surveillance is implemented in certain parts of the country, please specify why, for each activity: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy; Mosquito vectors of WNV; Aedes Invasive mosquitoes

3.16. How do you classify the public funding for ACTIVE mosquito surveillance activities in your country? Per indicator and mosquito group. WNV vectors: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy; Aedes invasive mosquitoes: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy.

ACTIVE surveillance: 1. Limited in time (e.g. project based); 2. Embedded in a long-term (>3 years) strategy of disease risk assessment and control; 3. Don't know/NA

PASSIVE surveillance: 1. Limited in time (e.g. project based); 2. Embedded in a long-term (>3 years) strategy of disease risk assessment and control; 3. Don't know/NA

3.17. Please specify for each surveillance indicator (see 2.13), whether reporting to the national level is voluntary or compulsory. WNV vectors: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy; Aedes invasive mosquitoes: Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species; Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk; Assessment of nuisance levels; Investigation of (ongoing) outbreaks (ad hoc, event based); Assessment of control efficacy

Voluntary; 2. Compulsory 3. Don't know/NA

3.18. Please rate the following needs for mosquito surveillance in your country (on a Likert scale) in terms of importance. Resources: Need for a better evidence how mosquito surveillance has a public-health benefit; Need for more funding (for staff, expendables); Need for more training of human resources (irrespective of funding for mosquito surveillance being available, there is not enough knowledge and capacity); Responsibilities: Need for a dedicated national agency for mosquito surveillance; Need for more clarity about roles and responsibilities (which authority is responsible for what); Coordination: Need for more international coordination between countries; Need for more national coordination between sub-national actors within the same sector; Need for development of multisectoral collaboration; Need for more collaboration between academic institutes and health institutes; Need for more communication between surveillance and control; Operational: Need for a long-term mosquito surveillance plan; Need for citizen science adapted to local contexts; Need for identification of minimum essential surveillance information; Need for improved surveillance equipment and tools, e.g. traps, mosquito apps, species identification/diagnostic solutions; Need for a better understanding how mosquito surveillance can inform early warning for mosquito-borne diseases outbreaks

Not important; 2. Not very important; 3. Neither important or unimportant; Quite important; Very important

3.19. Please identify any additional needs regarding mosquito surveillance in your country, or put "none" or "unknown"

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PART 4. Questions if no control implemented

4.1. If no control is carried out in your country, please specify the reason why mosquito control was not implemented in your country. Multiple answers per group are possible.

The mosquito species group is not present; 2. mosquito-borne disease(s) transmitted by this mosquito group is not considered a public or veterinary health problem; 3. We don't have reliable mosquito control options for this mosquito group; 4. There is no legal framework within which control can be organised; 5. Other (please specify for each mosquito group); 6. Don't know/NA