The samples are analysed by AGES. For the City of Vienna the University of Veterinary Medicine is responsible. In the UK local authorities implement surveillance, coordinated by UKHSA
The Aedes invasive mosquito surveillance activities focus primarily on the presence and absence of the vector species. Vector surveillance is also implemented to assess mosquito abundance and seasonality (Table). The main objectives of the surveillance are the prevention of establishment after introduction (12/20 countries) and the assessment of the level, place or time of transmission risk (10/20 countries) (Table).
Table 10. Indicators assessed by the Aedes invasive mosquito surveillance activities (multiple answers possible) (n = 20)
| Indicator | Number of countries |
|---|
| Mosquito presence/absence | 19 |
|---|
| Mosquito abundance | 11 |
|---|
| Mosquito seasonality | 14 |
|---|
| Mosquito infection rate and xenomonitoring | 6 |
|---|
| Mosquito behavioural traits | 4 |
|---|
| Insecticide/biocide resistance | 5 |
|---|
| Don't know / NA | 1 |
|---|
| None | 0 |
|---|
| Other | 1 |
|---|
Table 11. The objectives of the Aedes invasive mosquito surveillance (multiple answers possible) (n = 20)
| Objective | Number of countries |
|---|
| Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species | 12 |
|---|
| Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk | 10 |
|---|
| Assessment of nuisance levels | 9 |
|---|
| Investigation of outbreaks | 7 |
|---|
| Assess quality/efficiency of mosquito control intervention | 7 |
|---|
| Don't know / NA | 1 |
|---|
| Other | 3 |
|---|
For the prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species, eight countries rely on both active and passive surveillance (Table). This surveillance objective is implemented country-wide in eight out of the 20 countries. The assessment of level, place or time of transmission risk is based on active or a combination of active and passive surveillance (Table). The reasons for the implementation of surveillance in only certain parts of the country are because surveillance focuses on point of entry, that resources are limited both human capacity as financial allocations, or that the surveillance is a regional competence.
Table 12. What type of Aedes invasive mosquito surveillance is implemented in your country for the objectives listed below? (n = 20)
| Surveillance objective | Active | Passive | Active and Passive | None | Don't know /NA |
|---|
| Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species | 4 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 0 |
|---|
| Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk | 7 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 1 |
|---|
| Assessment of nuisance levels | 3 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 1 |
|---|
| Investigation of outbreaks | 4 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 2 |
|---|
| Assess quality/efficiency of mosquito control intervention | 6 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 2 |
|---|
Ten countries report that the funding of the active surveillance linked to the objective 'Prevention of establishment after introduction of exotic mosquito species' is embedded in a long term (> 3 yr) strategy of disease risk assessment and control (Table). In seven countries the 'Assessment of level, place and/or time of transmission risk' is linked to long-term funding. Many respondents did not know the funding mechanism related to passive surveillance. Both long-term and project-based funding mechanisms are available for passive surveillance.