1. Executive Summary 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 What is the problem? 1 1.3 Key findings 2 2. Semi-systematic literature review 3 2.1 Objective 3 2.2 Context 3 2.3 Gear Change 5 2.4 Definition of (Compulsory) Urban Consolidation Centre 5 2.5 Categorisation 6 2.6 Key findings 6 2.7 Direct legal regulation 8 2.8 Controlled territory 8 2.9 Receiver procurement led to consolidation 9 2.10 Construction consolidation centres 11 2.11 Enablers, opportunities, barriers, and risk 13 3. Legislative Review 15 3.1 Objective 15 3.2 Restricting the entry of delivery vehicles to a particular area 15 3.3 Charging delivery vehicles to enter a particular area 16 3.4 Building a CUCC 16 3.5 Compelling a delivery to a CUCC 17 3.6 Delivery from a CUCC 17 3.7 Delivery models identified in the Literature Review 17 3.8 How could the implementation of these delivery models be challenged? 18 3.9 Summary 20 4. Stakeholder Consultations 20 4.1 Introduction 20 4.2 Approach 20 4.3 Awareness and rationale of CUCCs 21 4.4 Barriers to CUCCs 21 4.5 What models of operation would be most effective? 23 4.6 Summary 24

Table 1: Proportion of road air quality pollutants attributable to freight, 2019, NAEI 4 Table 2: Topic search terms [\* excluded] 29 Table 3: Key Bibliographic Projects on Grey Literature 30 Table 4: CASP list for inclusion/exclusion adapted from [27] 30