The Administration Division provides overall agency direction, planning, and management. It is comprised of the following functional teams: development, director's office, finance and human resources, and communications (which includes visitor services.)

The Research and Publications Division includes the following functional teams: research and interpretation, museum collections and exhibitions, and the design studio. The research and interpretation team publishes the Society's two journals—The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society and Kentucky Ancestors—and assists with the publication of the quarterly newsletter, The Chronicle. The team also administers the historical marker program and the research fellows program. The museum collections and exhibitions team is responsible for the operation of the Historical Society's three museum facilities—the galleries located in the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History, the Kentucky Military History Museum, and the Old State Capitol. Since 1999, these facilities have hosted more than 1,000,000 visitors. The team is also responsible for the 150,000+ artifact collection. The design studio is responsible for museum exhibition design and production, along with the design and production of other KHS interpretive and promotional tools.

The Museum Division is responsible for special collections and reference services. The Museum division operates the Martin F. Schmidt Research Library housed in the History Center, which effectively serves genealogists and other researchers. It also cares for an array of manuscripts, maps, over 500,000 photographs and documents, 8,000 oral history recordings, and rare books.

The Oral History and Educational Outreach Division includes the following units: interpretive education, teacher/student outreach, and community services. Community Services consists of the local history program and the Cemetery Preservation program. Interpretive Education includes school tours, museum theatre, and other educational activities for adults and children. Since 1999, the KHS “history campus” has hosted more than 1,000,000 visitors. The primary outreach programs for students include the Kentucky Junior Historical Society and National History Day. Much of the KHS professional development for teachers is presented through Teaching American History grants awarded by the U.S. Department of Education.

The Governor's budget includes additional General Fund in the amount of $79,200 in fiscal year 2027 and $162,600 in fiscal year 2028 to fund a 2% salary increment in fiscal year 2027 and an additional 2% increment in fiscal year 2028.