DLS tests packages and/or substances with possible links to chemical or biological terrorism in a highly secured biosafety level 3 laboratory with specialized protocols developed and distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a part of the Laboratory Response Network (LRN). These facilities and protocols are not available to other laboratories in the state making DLS a reference laboratory for Kentucky. DLS' specially trained and skilled scientists develop and maintain capacity for testing for low incidence or high-risk diseases (e.g. botulism, rabies, etc.) which may be unavailable in the private sector.
DLS performs testing for heritable conditions in newborns that may be undetectable by physical examination or by other clinical signs or symptoms. DLS performs initial laboratory screening for the identification of metabolic, endocrine, hemoglobin, and other disorders. In July 2018, DLS added X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy to its screening panel through a collaboration with Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Additionally, in August 2019 screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy was implemented bringing the total number of disorders on the panel to 55. DLS also began providing paid courier service to birthing hospitals in 2017 in order to meet national timeliness requirements for newborn screening. To meet the timeliness requirements, DLS instituted a six-day workweek. Timeliness is critical for newborn screening as there are treatments or preventive measures that work only if initiated early after birth. DLS is regulated by CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) and is accredited by the College of American Pathologists. In January 2017, the laboratory received accreditation as a food-testing laboratory. Other agencies that routinely inspect and/or certify DLS include the CDC, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, and American Industrial Hygiene Association.
DLS performs testing for the Department for Public Health (DPH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), often requiring very specific laboratory support. Workload is largely driven by state program needs in compliance with applicable state statutes and/or regulations.
The budget includes additional Restricted Funds of $2,000,000 in fiscal year 2026-2027 and $2,750,000 in fiscal year 2027-2028 for drug and supplement analysis. This additional funding will fully support new, mandated testing requirements for drugs and supplements, including medical marijuana and related edibles, supplements, as well as potential contaminants.