2.2.23 Traffic Signs ..... 34 2.2.24 Noise Barriers and Perimeter Walls ..... 36 2.2.25 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)/Transportation System Management and Operations (TSM&O) Features ..... 36 2.3 EXISTING BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES ..... 37 2.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES ..... 40 3.0 FUTURE CONDITIONS ..... 42 3.1 FUTURE CONDITIONS CONSIDERATIONS ..... 42 4.0 DESIGN CONTROLS & CRITERIA ..... 44 4.1 DESIGN CONTROLS ..... 44 5.0 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS ..... 47 5.1 NO-BUILD (NO-ACTION) ALTERNATIVE ..... 47 5.2 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS (TSM&O) ALTERNATIVE ..... 48 5.3 MULTIMODAL ALTERNATIVE(S) ..... 48 5.4 BUILD ALTERNATIVES ..... 49 5.4.1 Complete Streets ..... 52 5.4.2 Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodation ..... 54 5.4.3 Traffic Operations and Safety ..... 54 5.4.4 Managed Lanes ..... 55 5.4.5 Access Management ..... 55 5.4.6 Interchanges on Interstate Highways ..... 55 5.4.7 Intelligent Transportation Systems ..... 56 5.4.8 Lane Repurposing ..... 56 5.4.9 Landscape ..... 56 5.4.10 Lighting ..... 56 5.4.11 Wildlife Crossings ..... 56 5.4.12 Permits ..... 56 5.4.13 Stormwater Management ..... 57 5.4.14 Sea Level Impact Protection (SLIP) Studies ..... 57 5.4.15 Water Quality ..... 58 5.4.16 Hydrology and Floodplains ..... 58 5.4.17 Utilities and Railroads ..... 59 5.4.18 Survey and Mapping ..... 59 5.4.19 Geotechnical Investigation ..... 59 5.4.20 Structures and Bridges ..... 59

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