Reminder: Health → A Result of Many Factors + Exposures Example Cardiovascular Disease
Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular disease
Climate change
Temperature extremes
Wildfires (PM2.5)
Hurricanes
Water pollution
Arsenic and copper
Lead and mercury
Nitrogen loading
Micro/nanoplastic
Chemical pollution
>16 000 chemicals
BPA, PCBs, PFAS, phthalates
Metals
Oxidative stress, inflammation
Endothelial dysfunction
Cardiovascular disease
Air pollution
Particulate matter
Ozone
Volatile organics
COx,SOx,NOx
• Nitrogen loading
Soil pollution
Poor microbial content
Low nitrogen content
Chemicals
Toxic metals
Micro/nanoplastic
Noise/light pollution
Traffic, construction, and industrial noise
Street and building lights, advertisement signs
Coronary syndrome, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension
BPA, bisphenol A; COx, carbon oxide; NOx, nitrogen oxide; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyls; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PM, particulate matter; SOx, sulphur oxide; Piepoli M, et al. European Heart Journal.
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Piepoli M, et al. European Heart Journal.
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