Notes and Bibliography Citations

• Build a footnote/endnote for journal articles...

  1. Author,
  2. the creator/s || YES: John Smith; NO: Smith, John
  3. Notice the punctuation after each numbered section. That is the actual punctuation you will use when building the citation.
  4. “Title,”
  5. capitalize every significant word
  6. Journal
  7. always italicize the journal; no punctuation after
  8. Volume,
  9. right after the journal
  10. no. Issue
  11. ■ should have “no.” before the numeral; ex: no. 2
  12. (Publication Date):
  13. ex: January 1, 2026
  14. Page or Pages,
  15. ■ for ranges, use an en dash between numerals, not a hyphen
  16. Location
  17. the link to the work; when possible, use a DOI
  18. Shortened Version
  19. Last Name, "Shortened Title," Page number/s.
  20. Smith, “Soccer Statistics,” 20–37.

• Build a footnote/endnote for books...

  1. Author,
  2. the creator/s; YES: John Smith || NO: Smith, John
  3. Title,
  4. capitalize every significant word; always italicize; no punctuation after if no edition listed
  5. Edition.
  6. use "ed." after a numeral; 2nd ed. || 5th ed.
  7. (Publisher, Date of Publication),
  8. exclude business suffixes, like "Inc." or "LLC;" ex: January 1, 2026
  9. Page or Pages,
  10. ■ for ranges, use an en dash between numerals, not a hyphen
  11. Location
  12. the link to the work, if applicable
  13. Shortened Version
  14. Last Name, "Shortened Title," Page number/s.
  15. ■ Melville, Moby Dick, 29–30.