Author,

the creator/s || YES: John Smith; NO: Smith, John

Notice the punctuation after each numbered section. That is the actual punctuation you will use when building the citation.

“Title,”

capitalize every significant word

Journal

always italicize the journal; no punctuation after

Volume,

right after the journal

no. Issue

■ should have “no.” before the numeral; ex: no. 2

(Publication Date):

ex: January 1, 2026

Page or Pages,

■ for ranges, use an en dash between numerals, not a hyphen

Location

the link to the work; when possible, use a DOI

Shortened Version

Last Name, "Shortened Title," Page number/s.

Smith, “Soccer Statistics,” 20–37.

Author,

the creator/s; YES: John Smith || NO: Smith, John

Title,

capitalize every significant word; always italicize; no punctuation after if no edition listed

Edition.

use "ed." after a numeral; 2nd ed. || 5th ed.

(Publisher, Date of Publication),

exclude business suffixes, like "Inc." or "LLC;" ex: January 1, 2026

Page or Pages,

■ for ranges, use an en dash between numerals, not a hyphen

Location

the link to the work, if applicable

Shortened Version

Last Name, "Shortened Title," Page number/s.

■ Melville, Moby Dick, 29–30.