Author-Date Citations

• Author-Date In-Text Citation Variants

  • This format uses authors' names, publication years, and page/chapter numbers all in parentheses with very specific commas, similar to APA.
  • This format is NOT identical to APA. It has its own rules.
  • ■ Review the NB-Style pages for notes on listing three or more authors.
  • ■ Author and publication year will NOT have a comma between them.
  • Publication year and page numbers/chapters WILL have a comma.
  • Page numbers and chapters are not essential for the in-text citation, if not directly quoting a specific portion of the work.
  • Use “and” between two authors, not “&”
  • ■ Use an en dash for page number ranges, not a hyphen
  • If any digits in a range stay the same, omit them
  • Ex: if you are referencing something from page 105 to page 117, then you would write 105-17.
  • ■ Write " et al. " like this, with the period only after "al."
Narrative In-Text CitationParenthetical In-Text CitationReference List Citation Examples
Gutierrez and Durham (2023, 27) argue that “This is a sample quotation.”This is a sample sentence that references a specific portion of the research (Osman 2019, 53-8).Gutierrez, Carmen I. and Gerald W. Durham. 2023. “Iberian Agriculture: Portuguese-Spanish Agricultural Relations.” The Agricultural Review 47 (3): 20-58. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202423833.
In 2023, Gutierrez and Durham argue, “This is a sample quotation” (27).This is a sample sentence that references a non-specific portion of the research, such as the overall findings or argument (Osman 2019).Osman, Dawoud. 2019. The Moroccan Olive Market. Translated by Horace Benson. University of Tehran Press.
Gutierrez and Durham (2023, 27) argue that this is an example paraphrase.This is a sample sentence that references multiple sources’ findings, using Osman first (Osman 2019; Gutierrez and Durham 2023)