The Ink Spot KSU WRITING CENTER

Chicago 18th Style & Citation Spo KSU WRITING

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is an academic formatting style with many variations. Humanities, like history and fine arts, utilize the Notes and Bibliography (NB) format, while social sciences use the Author-Date format.

Why use the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS)?

CMOS is a flexible formatting style that allows authors the chance to use in-text citations or footnotes, reference pages or bibliographies, superscript or traditional numbering, endnotes, or headings. These differences depend on the variant of CMOS that you are using. There are three CMOS variants:

Turbian

  • student-oriented
  • uses superscript for Notes and Bibliography
  • Notes and Bibliography (NB) 4-9

<div style="text-align: center;"><img src="imgs/img_in_chart_box_0_2_82_766.jpg" alt="Image" width="83%" /></div>

  • for the humanities
  • uses a Bibliography alongside endnotes or footnotes
  • allows you more space to elaborate on your sources

○ (This handout will be using the Turabian superscript version.)

  • Author-Date

10-15

  • for various sciences and business
  • similar to APA
  • uses a Reference list with author-date in-text citations

Writing.Center@kysu.edu | kysu.edu/writingcenter