The Ink Spot
KSU WRITING CENTER
Chicago 18th
Style & Citation
Spo
KSU WRITING
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is an academic formatting style with many variations. Humanities, like history and fine arts, utilize the Notes and Bibliography (NB) format, while social sciences use the Author-Date format.
CMOS is a flexible formatting style that allows authors the chance to use in-text citations or footnotes, reference pages or bibliographies, superscript or traditional numbering, endnotes, or headings. These differences depend on the variant of CMOS that you are using. There are three CMOS variants:
student-oriented
uses superscript for Notes and Bibliography
Notes and Bibliography (NB)
4-9
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for the humanities
uses a Bibliography alongside endnotes or footnotes
allows you more space to elaborate on your sources
○ (This handout will be using the Turabian superscript version.)
Author-Date
10-15
for various sciences and business
similar to APA
uses a Reference list with author-date in-text citations