Walnut scales are 1/8 inch long nearly circular, flat scales that are gray with a reddish brown spot. Crawlers are active in mid-June and in late August to early September in Kentucky. Photo: Raymond Gill, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Bugwood.org Oystershell scales are about 1/10 inch long and resemble crusty accumulations of oyster shells on the bark. Their drab, bark-like appearance makes them easy to overlook, even on close inspection. Heavy infestations can kill twigs or branches. This scale overwinters in the egg stage under the waxy covering of the female. The eggs hatch and the crawlers are active from late May to early June. Photo: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Oystershell scales are about 1/10 inch long and resemble crusty accumulations of oyster shells on the bark. Their drab, bark-like appearance makes them easy to overlook, even on close inspection. Heavy infestations can kill twigs or branches. This scale overwinters in the egg stage under the waxy covering of the female. The eggs hatch and the crawlers are active from late May to early June. Photo: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Twig pruners are the larvae of small beetles that tunnel in twigs and small branches. Female beetles lay their eggs about the time of bud break in the spring. Eggs are laid in small holes which are chewed into the bark. The larvae that hatch from these eggs bore into and tunnel toward the base of twigs. In late summer, they chew concentric circles outward toward the bark then move toward the tip. The twig eventually snaps and falls to the ground. The larva pupates in the fallen twig and emerges as an adult in the spring. Collecting and destroying fallen twigs can help to reduce infestations. Photo: James Solomon, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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Hickory shoot curculio larvae are legless grubs that develop in the new shoots. During bud break, females will lay their eggs new the base of leaf axils. After hatching, the larvae will develop over the summer before emerging to find overwintering spots. Their damage can induce early leaf drop and flagging throughout the branches of infested trees. Photo: James Solomon, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
The pecan phylloxera is an aphid-like insect that produces galls on new pecan growth.
Leaves, twigs and nuts may be affected. They spend the winter as eggs in bark crevices. The e
hatch in the spring; the tiny nymphs feed on tender young growth, secreting a substance which stimulates plant tissues to develop into galls. When the nymph matures, eggs are deposited in the gall. Young nymphs develop within the gall. The gall splits in several weeks liberating them. Several generations are produced each year, as long as there is fresh young growth on the tree. Photo: Jonas Janner Hamann, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Bugwood.org
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