We will also perform tests of controls including testing underlying transactions, as required by the Uniform Guidance, to evaluate the effectiveness of the design and operation of controls that we consider relevant to preventing or detecting material noncompliance with compliance requirements applicable to each of your major federal awards programs. We will determine major programs in accordance with the Uniform Guidance. Our tests will be less in scope than would be necessary to render an opinion on these controls and, accordingly, no opinion will be expressed. We will inform you of any deficiencies or other matters involving internal control, if any, as required by the Uniform Guidance.

As part of obtaining reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, we will also perform tests of your compliance with applicable laws, regulations, contracts and grants. However, because of the concept of reasonable assurance and because we will not perform a detailed examination of all transactions, there is a risk that material errors, irregularities, or illegal acts, including fraud or defalcations, may exist and not be detected by us. The objective of our audit of compliance relative to the financial statements will not be to provide an opinion on overall compliance with such provisions, and we will not express such an opinion. We will advise you, however, of any matters of that nature that come to our attention, unless they are clearly inconsequential.

The Uniform Guidance requires that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether you have complied with certain provisions of laws, regulations, contracts and grants. Our procedures will consist of the applicable procedures described in the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Compliance Supplement for the types of compliance requirements that could have a direct and material effect on each of your major programs. The purpose of our audit will be to express an opinion on your compliance with requirements applicable to major Federal award programs. Because an audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance, but not absolute assurance, the audit is not designed to detect immaterial violations or instances of noncompliance.

Our audit and work product are intended for the benefit and use of the University only. The audit will not be planned or conducted in contemplation of reliance by any other party or with respect to any specific transaction and is not intended to benefit or influence any other party. Therefore, items of possible interest to a third party may not be specifically addressed or matters may exist that could be assessed differently by a third party.

The working papers for this engagement are the property of Crowe and constitute confidential information. However, we may be requested to make certain working papers available to your oversight agency or grantors pursuant to authority given to them by law, regulation, or contract. If requested, access to such working papers will be provided under the supervision of our personnel. Furthermore, upon request, we may provide photocopies of selected working papers to your oversight agency or grantors. The working papers for this engagement will be retained for a minimum of three years after the date our report is issued or for any additional period requested by the oversight agency or pass-through entity. If we are aware that a federal awarding agency, pass-through entity, or auditee is contesting an audit finding, we will contact the party contesting the audit finding for guidance prior to destroying the working papers.

Government Auditing Standards require that we provide you with a copy of our most recent peer review report, which accompanies this letter.

The University's Responsibilities

University management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Management is also responsible for the design, implementation and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. University management is also responsible for complying with applicable laws, regulations, contracts and grants and such responsibility extends to identifying the