OR 1.23, 1.19-1.28 at 50-55dB(A)c
4% (OR 1.04, 1.03-1.11 per 10dB(A) increase in Lden)a
OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.25 for LpAeq,24h ≥ 70 dBc
OR 1.15, 1.08-1.22 at 60-65 dB(A)c
12% (effect size 1.12, 1.02-1.23 per 10dB(A)) increase in Ldenb
12% (OR 1.12, 1.04-1.30 per 10dB(A))
RR 1.19, 0.93-1.53d
RR 1.06, 0.93-1.22d
Younger adults (HR 1.32, 1.02-1.70)⁶
Older adults (HR 1.43, 1.01-2.02)⁶
Adults with mental illness (HR 1.55, 1.10-2.19)⁶
Stroke
OR 1.07, 1.02-1.13 < 40dB/24h⁷
HR 1.12, 0.99-1.27 for 40-50 vs. ≤40dB⁹
OR 1.017, 1.003-1.032ᵐ
HR 1.06, 1.03-1.08 per 10dB increase⁹
OR 1.018, 1.001-1.033ᵐ
<table><tr><td colspan="2">Stroke</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">OR 1.07, 1.02-1.13 < 40dB/24hf</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">HR 1.12, 0.99-1.27 for 40-50 vs. ≤40dBg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">OR 1.017, 1.003-1.032m</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">HR 1.06, 1.03-1.08 per 10dB increaseg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">OR 1.018, 1.001-1.033m</td></tr></table>
1dB increase associated with an unit increase of 0.017, 0.007-0.028k
OR 1.11, 1.04-1.19 per 10dB increasej
1dB increase associated with an unit decrease of -0.007, -0.012 to -0.001k
Total difficulties in children
Aircraft nois
OR 1.09, 1.02-1.16
Residential noise
exposure
Cognitive impairment
OR 1.36, 1.15-1.162 per 10dB(A)h
Alzheimer's disease
OR 1.29, 1.08-1.55h
Death from dementia HR 1.12, 0.90-1.38
“Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, indeed, mounting research and conclusive evidence demonstrate that exposure to noise, primarily from traffic sources, may affect the central nervous system and brain, thereby contributing to an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as stroke, dementia and cognitive decline, neurodevelopmental disorders, depression, and anxiety disorder... The presented values are based on selected representative studies with different quality levels of evidence highlighting the need for more research.” (Habad, et al., 2022)