Diffused air systems should provide effective water de-stratification in deep ponds and lakes. However, air diffusers do not circulate water horizontally efficiently and their efficacy in shallow ponds (less than 8 feet deep) may be limited. Surface aerators are best suited to supply emergency aeration for shallow ponds. In some applications, both diffused air systems and aeration devices could be used simultaneously. Pond fountains emphasize visual aesthetics and should not be considered aerators or water circulation devices in all but the smallest and shallowest of ponds.

Hargreaves, J. A. 2003. Pond Mixing. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication 4602, United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi.

Tucker, C. 2005. Pond Aeration. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication No. 3700, United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi.

For more information contact: Forrest Wynne State Extension Specialist for Aquaculture Kentucky State University Aquaculture Program McCracken County Extension Office 2025 New Holt Road Paducah, KY 42001 (270)554-9520 Email: forrest.wynne@kysu.edu

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