[ { "page": 1, "items": [ { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 76.32, "t": 676.8, "r": 535.44, "b": 663.12 }, "text": "Information about the Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension Program", "reading_order": 0 }, { "page": 1, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 0.24, "t": 660.72, "r": 227.76, "b": 493.68 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 1 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 240, "t": 649.92, "r": 579.36, "b": 581.28 }, "text": "Nutritional and Health Benefits of Leafy Greens", "reading_order": 2, "level": 1 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 295.2, "t": 567.84, "r": 592.32, "b": 498.48 }, "text": "Marie Merci Uwimbabazi, Graduate Research Assistant\nMegrael Ngudia, Undergraduate Research Assistant\nCora Teets, Research & Extension Associate\nte Nzaramyimana, PhD, Assistant Professor for Urban Agriculture", "reading_order": 3 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 59.28, "t": 477.6, "r": 239.52, "b": 462.72 }, "text": "Introduction and Background", "reading_order": 4, "level": 3 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 16.08, "t": 460.08, "r": 274.32, "b": 433.2 }, "text": "Leafy greens are categorized as part of fresh vegetables, known for their green color and tender texture.", "reading_order": 5 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 15.84, "t": 426.72, "r": 291.12, "b": 347.04 }, "text": "The history of leafy greens dates back to ancient civilizations, where they became a staple food in the Mediterranean region before spreading across Europe. During European exploration and the transatlantic slave trade, leafy greens were introduced to different parts of the world.", "reading_order": 6 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 15.6, "t": 340.32, "r": 293.04, "b": 247.2 }, "text": "In the 16th century, they were brought to the Americas by European settlers and enslaved Africans. Over time, African culinary traditions influenced the preparation of these greens, making them a staple in Southern cuisine. Ultimately, they became an essential part of diets and are now widely consumed throughout the United States due to their versatile culinary uses.", "reading_order": 7 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 16.32, "t": 240.48, "r": 294.24, "b": 200.4 }, "text": "Since then, there has been a growing demand for salads and fresh vegetables, which increased the United States' per capita consumption to 155.4 pounds in 2023.", "reading_order": 8 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 16.08, "t": 193.92, "r": 292.8, "b": 155.28 }, "text": "Leafy greens are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other phytonutrients with low calories, all of which contribute to essential health benefits.", "reading_order": 9 }, { "page": 1, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 27.36, "t": 152.64, "r": 275.04, "b": 9.6 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 10 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 366, "t": 476.64, "r": 531.84, "b": 462 }, "text": "Leafy Green Health Benefits", "reading_order": 11, "level": 3 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 315.12, "t": 459.84, "r": 529.92, "b": 447.84 }, "text": "✿ Contain a great amount of essential nutrients", "reading_order": 12 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 315.36, "t": 446.64, "r": 554.4, "b": 433.92 }, "text": "Combat cellular damage and support healthy aging", "reading_order": 13 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 316.08, "t": 432.96, "r": 566.88, "b": 408.72 }, "text": "Reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease", "reading_order": 14 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 315.84, "t": 407.52, "r": 573.6, "b": 381.84 }, "text": "Vital for healthy vision, immunity, bone health, and cell growth", "reading_order": 15 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 315.84, "t": 380.88, "r": 553.44, "b": 355.44 }, "text": "Important for healthy muscles, nerve function, and oxygen transport", "reading_order": 16 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 315.84, "t": 354.48, "r": 553.44, "b": 327.84 }, "text": "Promote healthy gut bacteria, aiding digestion, and regulating blood sugar levels", "reading_order": 17 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 351.6, "t": 310.32, "r": 519.36, "b": 294.96 }, "text": "Where to Find Leafy Greens", "reading_order": 18, "level": 3 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 330.48, "t": 286.56, "r": 498, "b": 272.88 }, "text": "Grocery Stores and Supermarkets", "reading_order": 19 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 331.2, "t": 260.4, "r": 421.44, "b": 247.44 }, "text": "Online Retailers", "reading_order": 20 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 330.48, "t": 234.24, "r": 535.68, "b": 220.32 }, "text": "Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)", "reading_order": 21 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 330.96, "t": 207.84, "r": 426.96, "b": 194.64 }, "text": "Farmers' Markets", "reading_order": 22 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 330.72, "t": 181.68, "r": 478.32, "b": 168.24 }, "text": "Specialty and Ethnic Markets", "reading_order": 23 }, { "page": 1, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 321.12, "t": 152.4, "r": 592.32, "b": 9.84 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 24 } ] }, { "page": 2, "items": [ { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 31.44, "t": 746.64, "r": 289.2, "b": 715.44 }, "text": "Nutritional Benefits of Most Common Leafy Greens", "reading_order": 0, "level": 1 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 32.88, "t": 695.76, "r": 270.24, "b": 657.12 }, "text": "The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends increasing average intakes of vegetables to improve human health conditions.", "reading_order": 1 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 32.16, "t": 654.96, "r": 265.44, "b": 627.84 }, "text": "Overall, they are rich in vitamins (A, C, E, and K), minerals, fibers, and antioxidants.", "reading_order": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 31.2, "t": 612.72, "r": 290.4, "b": 600.24 }, "text": "Arugula: Vitamins K, A, C, folate, calcium, antioxidants", "reading_order": 3 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 31.68, "t": 599.04, "r": 230.4, "b": 587.28 }, "text": "Beet Greens: Vitamins A, C, K, iron, fiber", "reading_order": 4 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 31.92, "t": 586.08, "r": 261.6, "b": 573.36 }, "text": "➢ Boy choy: Vitamins A, C, K, folate, fiber, calcium", "reading_order": 5 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 31.68, "t": 572.64, "r": 262.8, "b": 560.64 }, "text": "➢ Collard Greens: Vitamins K, A, C, folate, calcium", "reading_order": 6 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 31.92, "t": 559.68, "r": 247.44, "b": 547.68 }, "text": "Kale: Vitamins A, C, K, calcium, antioxidants", "reading_order": 7 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 32.64, "t": 546.24, "r": 252.72, "b": 522 }, "text": "✓ Napa (Chinese) cabbage: Vitamins C, K, folate, antioxidants", "reading_order": 8 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 31.68, "t": 520.32, "r": 269.04, "b": 507.84 }, "text": "Spinach: Vitamins A, C, K, iron, folate, manganese", "reading_order": 9 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 32.4, "t": 506.64, "r": 285.84, "b": 482.88 }, "text": "Swiss chard: Flavonoids, vitamins K, A, C, magnesium, iron", "reading_order": 10 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 32.16, "t": 480.96, "r": 285.6, "b": 468.24 }, "text": "➢ Turnip Greens: Vitamins K, A, C, folate, calcium, fiber", "reading_order": 11 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 32.16, "t": 467.28, "r": 203.52, "b": 455.52 }, "text": "➤ Lettuce: Vitamins K, A, folate, fiber", "reading_order": 12 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 318.48, "t": 748.32, "r": 572.16, "b": 716.4 }, "text": "Boost Your Health by Adding Leafy Greens to Your Diet!", "reading_order": 13, "level": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 318.72, "t": 702.72, "r": 575.76, "b": 675.6 }, "text": "There are many ways that leafy greens can be incorporated into the diet to make balanced and enjoyable meals.", "reading_order": 14 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 325.92, "t": 665.04, "r": 573.84, "b": 626.64 }, "text": "✿ Make a Salad: You can make your delicious salad using different greens of different colors, textures and varieties.", "reading_order": 15 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 325.92, "t": 624.96, "r": 577.44, "b": 586.56 }, "text": "❖ Wrap It Up: Make a wrap with tuna, chicken or turkey and add romaine lettuce, spinach, arugula, and other veggies for some extra flavor.", "reading_order": 16 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 326.16, "t": 585.36, "r": 553.2, "b": 561.12 }, "text": "✿ Add to Soup: You can add green leaves into your favorite soup.", "reading_order": 17 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 326.16, "t": 559.2, "r": 575.04, "b": 534.48 }, "text": "✿ Stir-Fry: You can add your chopped greens to meat or tofu stir-fried recipes", "reading_order": 18 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 326.16, "t": 533.04, "r": 570.48, "b": 508.32 }, "text": "✿ Steamed: Steaming your greens until they are slightly soft, and ready to consume", "reading_order": 19 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 325.92, "t": 506.64, "r": 565.44, "b": 481.92 }, "text": "✿ In an Omelet: Add steamed greens to your omelet it enhances the taste and nutrients.", "reading_order": 20 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 326.16, "t": 480.24, "r": 565.68, "b": 455.76 }, "text": "✿ Smoothies: Greens can be used to make healthy and nutritious smoothies.", "reading_order": 21 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 16.56, "t": 426, "r": 230.16, "b": 312 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 22 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 236.4, "t": 440.16, "r": 383.52, "b": 303.12 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 23 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 387.6, "t": 438.72, "r": 596.16, "b": 304.32 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 24 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 50.16, "t": 296.88, "r": 558.96, "b": 283.2 }, "text": "The USDA recommends adults eat 2-3 servings of vegetables a day, and 2 cups of raw greens make up one serving!", "reading_order": 25 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 16.56, "t": 251.28, "r": 65.76, "b": 237.12 }, "text": "Sources", "reading_order": 26, "level": 3 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 15.36, "t": 219.84, "r": 562.56, "b": 197.04 }, "text": "Americans' consumption of vegetables and legumes has moved closer to recommendations | Economic Research Service. (n.d.). https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/charts-of-note/chart-detail?chartId=85012#", "reading_order": 27 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 16.8, "t": 195.6, "r": 587.76, "b": 173.04 }, "text": "ANutr, M. J. M. (2023, October 30). 21 Healthy and nutritious leafy green vegetables. Nutrition Advance. https://www.nutritionadvance.com/leafy-green-vegetables/", "reading_order": 28 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 17.04, "t": 171.84, "r": 538.08, "b": 149.04 }, "text": "Experience the history of collard greens at Gram's BBQ (2024, April 16). a soul food journey. Gram's BBQ - Gram's BBQ. https://www.gramsbbq.co/collard-greens/#", "reading_order": 29 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 16.56, "t": 146.64, "r": 590.16, "b": 99.36 }, "text": "Fox, M. (2021, March 22). Crop spot: Greens – Kentucky Horticulture Council. https://kyhortcouncil.org/2021/03/22/crop-spot-greens/ Myers, A. (2024, August 29). 12 Benefits of Leafy Greens. AMMD, LLC. https://www.amymyersmd.com/blogs/articles/benefits-of-leafy-greens \nStatista. (2025b, February 14). U.S. per capita consumption of fresh vegetables 2000-2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/537688/per-capita-consumption-of-fresh-vegetables-in-the-us/#", "reading_order": 30 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 16.8, "t": 100.32, "r": 522, "b": 88.56 }, "text": "Unknown Author. (n.d.). [Images of Leafy Greens]. Creative Commons. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "reading_order": 31 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 16.32, "t": 88.08, "r": 575.04, "b": 63.84 }, "text": "USDA-ARS. (2023, September). Dark Green Leafy Vegetables. https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/gfnd/gfhnrc/docs/news-articles/2013/dark-green-leafy-vegetables#", "reading_order": 32 } ] } ]