[ { "page": 1, "items": [ { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 223.2, "t": 621.36, "r": 389.04, "b": 608.16 }, "text": "Urban Horticultural Production", "reading_order": 0 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 112.08, "t": 605.04, "r": 499.68, "b": 577.44 }, "text": "Soil Testing in Urban Horticulture", "reading_order": 1, "level": 1 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 51.12, "t": 571.92, "r": 299.28, "b": 460.8 }, "text": "Urban horticulture is expanding as city residents transform vacant lots, backyards, and community gardens into spaces for fresh produce, herbs, and flowers. These gardens enhance community health, biodiversity, and sustainability. However, urban soil often faces issues from contamination, compaction, and poor management. Soil testing is a vital first step for urban growers, revealing key information about nutrients, pH, organic matter, and possible contaminants.", "reading_order": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 51.36, "t": 461.28, "r": 298.8, "b": 425.76 }, "text": "This guide provides a simple, step-by-step approach to soil testing, helping urban growers create healthy, productive, and safe gardens.", "reading_order": 3 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 312, "t": 568.8, "r": 510.96, "b": 552.24 }, "text": "How to Collect a Soil Sample", "reading_order": 4, "level": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 312, "t": 546.72, "r": 384.72, "b": 533.52 }, "text": "Tools Needed", "reading_order": 5, "level": 3 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 321.6, "t": 531.6, "r": 402, "b": 518.4 }, "text": "Pair of gloves", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L1", "level": 0, "reading_order": 6 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 322.08, "t": 517.68, "r": 433.2, "b": 504.24 }, "text": "Clean plastic bucket", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L1", "level": 0, "reading_order": 7 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 321.84, "t": 502.8, "r": 440.64, "b": 489.6 }, "text": "Clean spade or shovel", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L1", "level": 0, "reading_order": 8 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 322.32, "t": 488.64, "r": 457.2, "b": 475.2 }, "text": "Clean travel or soil probe", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L1", "level": 0, "reading_order": 9 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 322.08, "t": 474.72, "r": 547.2, "b": 445.92 }, "text": "Ziplock bag or soil sample box (provided by testing lab)", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L1", "level": 0, "reading_order": 10 }, { "page": 1, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 335.28, "t": 437.52, "r": 530.88, "b": 273.36 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 11 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 51.6, "t": 417.12, "r": 207.36, "b": 401.76 }, "text": "Why Test Urban Soils?", "reading_order": 12, "level": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 51.6, "t": 397.2, "r": 263.04, "b": 383.76 }, "text": "Common concerns in urban soil include:", "reading_order": 13, "level": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 55.92, "t": 382.08, "r": 264.96, "b": 368.4 }, "text": "pH extremes (too acidic or too alkaline)", "marker": "1.", "list_id": "L2", "level": 0, "reading_order": 14 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 56.16, "t": 366.96, "r": 222.72, "b": 354.24 }, "text": "Compaction and poor drainage", "marker": "2.", "list_id": "L2", "level": 0, "reading_order": 15 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 56.4, "t": 353.04, "r": 276.96, "b": 326.4 }, "text": "Heavy metal contamination (lead, arsenic, cadmium)", "marker": "3.", "list_id": "L2", "level": 0, "reading_order": 16 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 55.92, "t": 324.72, "r": 298.32, "b": 311.28 }, "text": "Excess salt from past construction or irrigation", "marker": "4.", "list_id": "L2", "level": 0, "reading_order": 17 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 56.16, "t": 310.32, "r": 291.6, "b": 281.28 }, "text": "Nutrient imbalances (too much or too little nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)", "marker": "5.", "list_id": "L2", "level": 0, "reading_order": 18 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 51.6, "t": 275.52, "r": 167.52, "b": 261.12 }, "text": "Soil testing helps you:", "reading_order": 19, "level": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.48, "t": 260.16, "r": 183.36, "b": 247.2 }, "text": "Identify nutrient needs", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L3", "level": 0, "reading_order": 20 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.96, "t": 245.76, "r": 203.28, "b": 232.8 }, "text": "Determine pH adjustments", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L3", "level": 0, "reading_order": 21 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.48, "t": 231.36, "r": 222.48, "b": 218.64 }, "text": "Detect potential contamination", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L3", "level": 0, "reading_order": 22 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.48, "t": 217.2, "r": 228.24, "b": 204 }, "text": "Avoid unnecessary fertilizer use", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L3", "level": 0, "reading_order": 23 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.48, "t": 202.8, "r": 210.72, "b": 189.6 }, "text": "Reduce environmental harm", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L3", "level": 0, "reading_order": 24 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.72, "t": 188.4, "r": 215.28, "b": 174.96 }, "text": "Support long-term soil health", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L3", "level": 0, "reading_order": 25 }, { "page": 1, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 59.76, "t": 174, "r": 281.28, "b": 145.92 }, "text": "Plan crop selection, amendments, and irrigation methods based on soil conditions", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L3", "level": 0, "reading_order": 26 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 52.32, "t": 140.64, "r": 252, "b": 125.28 }, "text": "When and How Often to Test", "reading_order": 27, "level": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 51.12, "t": 120.72, "r": 296.16, "b": 90.48 }, "text": "When to Test: Ideally, test soil 3-6 months before planting, especially if amendments are needed.", "reading_order": 28 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 50.88, "t": 84.72, "r": 296.88, "b": 40.8 }, "text": "How Often: At least every 2–3 years for ongoing gardens. Test annually if growing food intensively or applying compost/fertilizer regularly.", "reading_order": 29 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 312.48, "t": 260.64, "r": 401.76, "b": 246 }, "text": "Depth of Sample", "reading_order": 30, "level": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TABLE", "location": { "l": 324.96, "t": 241.2, "r": 513.12, "b": 152.4 }, "text": "
Lawn3-4 Inches
Flower Garden4-6 Inches
Shrub Beds6-8 Inches
Vegetable Gardens4-6 Inches
Trees4-8 Inches
Pastures4-6 Inches
", "rows": [ { "row_index": 0, "location": [ 324.96, 226.4, 513.12, 241.2 ], "cells": [ { "location": [ 324.96, 226.4, 419.04, 241.2 ], "text": "Lawn", "html_text": "Lawn", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": true, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "location": [ 419.04, 226.4, 513.12, 241.2 ], "text": "3-4 Inches", "html_text": "3-4 Inches", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": false, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" } ], "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "row_index": 1, "location": [ 324.96, 211.6, 513.12, 226.4 ], "cells": [ { "location": [ 324.96, 211.6, 419.04, 226.4 ], "text": "Flower Garden", "html_text": "Flower Garden", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": true, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "location": [ 419.04, 211.6, 513.12, 226.4 ], "text": "4-6 Inches", "html_text": "4-6 Inches", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": false, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" } ], "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "row_index": 2, "location": [ 324.96, 196.8, 513.12, 211.6 ], "cells": [ { "location": [ 324.96, 196.8, 419.04, 211.6 ], "text": "Shrub Beds", "html_text": "Shrub Beds", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": true, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "location": [ 419.04, 196.8, 513.12, 211.6 ], "text": "6-8 Inches", "html_text": "6-8 Inches", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": false, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" } ], "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "row_index": 3, "location": [ 324.96, 182, 513.12, 196.8 ], "cells": [ { "location": [ 324.96, 182, 419.04, 196.8 ], "text": "Vegetable Gardens", "html_text": "Vegetable Gardens", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": true, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "location": [ 419.04, 182, 513.12, 196.8 ], "text": "4-6 Inches", "html_text": "4-6 Inches", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": false, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" } ], "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "row_index": 4, "location": [ 324.96, 167.2, 513.12, 182 ], "cells": [ { "location": [ 324.96, 167.2, 419.04, 182 ], "text": "Trees", "html_text": "Trees", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": true, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "location": [ 419.04, 167.2, 513.12, 182 ], "text": "4-8 Inches", "html_text": "4-8 Inches", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": false, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" } ], "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "row_index": 5, "location": [ 324.96, 152.4, 513.12, 167.2 ], "cells": [ { "location": [ 324.96, 152.4, 419.04, 167.2 ], "text": "Pastures", "html_text": "Pastures", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": true, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" }, { "location": [ 419.04, 152.4, 513.12, 167.2 ], "text": "4-6 Inches", "html_text": "4-6 Inches", "links": [], "cell_header_index": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "column_header": false, "row_header": false, "placeholder": false, "ref": "#/tables/0" } ], "ref": "#/tables/0" } ], "n_rows": 6, "n_cols": 2, "ref": "#/tables/0", "reading_order": 31 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 311.04, "t": 142.8, "r": 417.12, "b": 128.64 }, "text": "Sampling Locations", "reading_order": 32, "level": 2 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 310.08, "t": 124.8, "r": 551.52, "b": 68.16 }, "text": "Look for different environments in your field or garden and collect separate samples from areas that are mostly sunny versus those in deep shade, or dry areas versus wet areas.", "reading_order": 33 }, { "page": 1, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 310.56, "t": 66.96, "r": 550.32, "b": 42.72 }, "text": "*Do not sample compost areas, under the dripline of trees, or near sidewalks and driveways.", "reading_order": 34 } ] }, { "page": 2, "items": [ { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 61.44, "t": 736.32, "r": 289.68, "b": 535.92 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 0 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 80.4, "t": 734.4, "r": 150.48, "b": 722.88 }, "text": "Recommended", "reading_order": 1, "level": 3 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 202.8, "t": 734.4, "r": 271.68, "b": 723.36 }, "text": "Recommended", "reading_order": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 51.36, "t": 523.92, "r": 211.44, "b": 507.36 }, "text": "Collecting Your Sample", "reading_order": 3, "level": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 59.52, "t": 501.12, "r": 254.16, "b": 487.44 }, "text": "Clear away mulch and surface debris.", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L4", "level": 0, "reading_order": 4 }, { "page": 2, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60, "t": 486.24, "r": 281.76, "b": 458.88 }, "text": "Dig 6-8 inches deep in garden beds (or 3–4 inches for lawns).", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L4", "level": 0, "reading_order": 5 }, { "page": 2, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.24, "t": 457.44, "r": 286.32, "b": 430.32 }, "text": "Take 10–15 subsamples from different spots across the area.", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L4", "level": 0, "reading_order": 6 }, { "page": 2, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.24, "t": 428.88, "r": 275.04, "b": 415.2 }, "text": "Mix subsamples thoroughly in the bucket.", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L4", "level": 0, "reading_order": 7 }, { "page": 2, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.24, "t": 414.24, "r": 267.6, "b": 387.36 }, "text": "Fill the sample bag with about 2 cups of mixed soil.", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L4", "level": 0, "reading_order": 8 }, { "page": 2, "type": "LIST_ITEM", "location": { "l": 60.72, "t": 385.68, "r": 291.6, "b": 357.12 }, "text": "Label your sample with the area’s name (e.g., “Backyard Bed” or “Front Planter”).", "marker": "•", "list_id": "L4", "level": 0, "reading_order": 9 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 63.6, "t": 346.08, "r": 162.72, "b": 332.4 }, "text": "1 Remove debris", "reading_order": 10 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 58.8, "t": 344.88, "r": 168.96, "b": 286.08 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 11 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 178.56, "t": 346.56, "r": 281.52, "b": 332.16 }, "text": "2 Collect soil cores", "reading_order": 12 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 177.6, "t": 331.2, "r": 287.28, "b": 279.12 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 13 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 179.52, "t": 274.32, "r": 274.32, "b": 259.44 }, "text": "4 Prepare sample", "reading_order": 14 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 63.36, "t": 274.8, "r": 273.36, "b": 259.44 }, "text": "3 Combine samples", "reading_order": 15 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 82.56, "t": 259.44, "r": 152.64, "b": 201.6 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 16 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 195.36, "t": 252.24, "r": 270.72, "b": 203.04 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 17 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 51.84, "t": 183.12, "r": 108.48, "b": 168.24 }, "text": "Sources", "reading_order": 18, "level": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 311.76, "t": 735.12, "r": 548.88, "b": 718.56 }, "text": "Soil Testing Resources in Louisville", "reading_order": 19, "level": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 311.28, "t": 710.88, "r": 531.12, "b": 653.76 }, "text": "KSU West Louisville Extension Office\n1300 Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40203\nDr. Alhagie K. Cham\nalhagie.cham@kysu.edu", "links": [ { "uri": "mailto:alhagie.cham%40kysu.edu?subject=", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 313.88, 656.644, 431.559, 672.06 ] } ], "reading_order": 20 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 311.04, "t": 641.52, "r": 558, "b": 583.68 }, "text": "Jefferson Co. Soil & Water Conservation District\n4229 Bardstown Rd Ste. 203, Louisville, KY 40218\nDave Nichter\nsoiltech@jeffcd.org", "links": [ { "uri": "mailto:soiltech%40jeffcd.org?subject=", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 313.88, 586.744, 408.796, 602.16 ] } ], "reading_order": 21 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 311.04, "t": 570.96, "r": 485.76, "b": 527.28 }, "text": "KSU Soil Lab\nDr. Mahateme Gebremedhin\nmaheteme.gebremedhin@kysu.edu", "links": [ { "uri": "mailto:maheteme.gebremedhin%40kysu.edu?subject=", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 313.88, 530.044, 482.876, 545.46 ] } ], "reading_order": 22 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 311.76, "t": 523.68, "r": 435.6, "b": 493.2 }, "text": "Jacob Brown, MSc\njacob.brown1@kysu.edu", "links": [ { "uri": "mailto:jacob.brown1%40kysu.edu?subject=", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 313.88, 496.744, 433.575, 512.16 ] } ], "reading_order": 23 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 312, "t": 470.64, "r": 517.44, "b": 454.56 }, "text": "For more information, contact:", "reading_order": 24, "level": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 311.76, "t": 448.56, "r": 432.96, "b": 433.68 }, "text": "Dr. Alhagie K. Cham", "reading_order": 25, "level": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 308.64, "t": 438.48, "r": 549.12, "b": 361.44 }, "text": "Senior Extension Associate,\nUrban Horticulture Production\n(502) 597-6570\n alhagie.cham@kysu.edu\n1300 Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 4020", "links": [ { "uri": "mailto:alhagie.cham%40kysu.edu?subject=", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 314.253, 375.603, 431.933, 391.019 ] } ], "reading_order": 26 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TITLE", "location": { "l": 312, "t": 346.56, "r": 387.12, "b": 332.64 }, "text": "Contributors", "reading_order": 27, "level": 2 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 312.24, "t": 327.6, "r": 433.44, "b": 292.8 }, "text": "Dr. Maheteme Gebremedhin\nAssistant Professor, Soil\nScience", "reading_order": 28 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 312.72, "t": 289.92, "r": 391.92, "b": 266.88 }, "text": "Jacob Brown\nResearch Assistant", "reading_order": 29 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 312.48, "t": 263.28, "r": 424.32, "b": 239.76 }, "text": "Kelly Rawalt\nFood Systems Coordinator", "reading_order": 30 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 312.24, "t": 236.4, "r": 424.32, "b": 202.32 }, "text": "Dave Nichter\nSoil & Water Conservation\nTechnician", "reading_order": 31 }, { "page": 2, "type": "FIGURE", "location": { "l": 440.64, "t": 348.48, "r": 557.28, "b": 195.36 }, "text": "", "reading_order": 32 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 52.08, "t": 164.64, "r": 552.72, "b": 112.56 }, "text": "Allen, T., Kariuki, S., Mangan, F., Parkash, O., Xing, B., & Barros, Z. (2015). How and why to measure soil contaminants in urban settings (Ref. No. SPTTL_12). https://www.umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/soil-plant-nutrient-testing-laboratory/fact-sheets/how-why-to-measure-soil-contaminants-in-urban-settings.", "links": [ { "uri": "https://www.umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/soil-plant-nutrient-testing-laboratory/fact-sheet", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 334.969, 137.601, 547.471, 153.017 ] }, { "uri": "https://www.umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/soil-plant-nutrient-testing-laboratory/fact-sheet", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 54, 124.601, 549.855, 140.017 ] }, { "uri": "https://www.umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/soil-plant-nutrient-testing-laboratory/fact-sheet", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 54, 111.601, 121.986, 127.017 ] } ], "reading_order": 33 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 52.08, "t": 104.16, "r": 550.32, "b": 76.8 }, "text": "Craul, P. J. (1985). A description of urban soils and their desired characteristics. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 11(11), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1985.071.", "links": [ { "uri": "https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1985.071", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 184.318, 76.601, 370.096, 92.017 ] } ], "reading_order": 34 }, { "page": 2, "type": "TEXT", "location": { "l": 52.08, "t": 68.4, "r": 546.72, "b": 42.24 }, "text": "Wu, Q., & Congreves, K. A. (2024). Soil health benefits associated with urban horticulture. Science of The Total Environment, 912, 168852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168852.", "links": [ { "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168852", "dest": null, "action_type": "/URI", "bbox": [ 237.58, 41.601, 465.58, 57.017 ] } ], "reading_order": 35 } ] } ]