Two Regulatory Approaches or a Blend
Communities generally choose one of two structures, or blend both
Zoning Ordinance Amendment Regulate through existing zoning code
Standalone Data Center Ordinance A dedicated chapter outside zoning
Combined Approach (Hybrid) Zoning trigger + standalone standards
Adds a “data center” definition and permitted-use table entries
Purpose-built standards: noise, water use, energy, decommissioning
Zoning code flags the use and sets a size threshold that triggers review
Applies existing district standards: setbacks, height, lot coverage
Can apply City-wide regardless of underlying zoning district
Standalone chapter supplies the detailed operational conditions
Fastest to adopt — builds on a code Council already administers
Easier to update as technology and impacts evolve
Lets Council calibrate scrutiny to project size (e.g., small vs. hyperscale)
Best fit when impacts resemble other industrial/commercial uses
Best fit when data centers pose issues zoning code doesn't address
City of Dubuque | Data Center Regulatory Framework
Most common approach among peer communities reviewed