- Require an agricultural and wildlife impact study, prepared by an independent third party, as part of every application, with setbacks from existing livestock operations.
14. Economic, Fiscal, and Labor Concerns
- Few permanent jobs relative to land, water, and power consumed — large facilities commonly employ only 30–150 people once operating.
- Large property tax abatements and incentives that reduce the promised local fiscal benefit for decades.
- Construction jobs frequently filled by out-of-area contractors rather than local workers; require union or prevailing wages and local hiring commitments.
- Risk of stranded assets: rapid technology change may leave obsolete buildings before abatements expire.
15. Waste, Decommissioning, and Site Restoration
- A cradle-to-grave clause making the operator responsible for the facility and its impacts from construction through final site restoration, regardless of ownership changes.
- No guarantee facilities remain in operation for their projected life; ordinances should require decommissioning plans and financial assurance for demolition and site restoration.
- Ongoing waste management requirements, including electronic waste recycling for the continuous stream of retired servers and hardware, not just end-of-life disposal.
- Restoration of soil and drainage if land is to return to agriculture.
16. Enforcement, Bonds, and Financial Assurance
- Bonds or escrowed funds covering: environmental damage, property devaluation of neighboring parcels, compensation for damage to wells and property, and full decommissioning costs.
- Substantial daily penalties for each day a violation continues, large enough to matter to a multi-billion-dollar operator.
- A graduated enforcement ladder written into the ordinance: operational sanctions, cease-and-desist authority, and permit termination for repeated or serious violations.
- Evidence of adequate insurance as a condition of application acceptance and continued operation.
- Emission, noise, and water standards must be written as enforceable performance standards with monitoring — not aspirational goals.
17. Transparency, Process, and Application Requirements
- Widespread use of non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) with local officials, shell LLCs, and code-named projects that prevent residents from knowing who the developer is or what is planned until approvals are nearly complete.
- County officials and employees should commit to no NDAs and to full compliance with Iowa open meetings and public records laws (Iowa Code Chapters 21 and 22) and all other applicable state legislation and policies.
- Any requirement that government officials, developers, or landowners sign an NDA during the process should disqualify the rezoning request.
- All requirements — studies, information, bonds, monitoring plans, insurance — must be complete and submitted before a zoning request is accepted, not promised after approval. Approving zoning first and receiving information later reverses the proper order and forfeits the county's leverage.