Research shows that students are deterred from reporting sexual harassment and assault for the following reasons:

Policies that compromise or restrict the victim's ability to make informed choices about how to proceed; A desire to avoid public disclosure

A desire to avoid public disclosure

Concerns about confidentiality

Uncertainty as to whether they can prove the sexual violence or whether the perpetrator will be punished Campus policies on drug and alcohol use Policies requiring victims to participate in adjudication

Campus policies on drug and alcohol use

Policies requiring victims to participate in adjudication

The desire to avoid the perceived or real stigma of having been victimized

Preamble, p. 30082 (Official) notes that “Commenters cited: U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, Sexual Assault on Campus: What Colleges and Universities are Doing About It (2005).” 41