{
    "document_id": 405,
    "page": 13,
    "width_pt": 595.276,
    "height_pt": 841.89,
    "engine": "paddleocr_vl",
    "source_run_id": 530,
    "item_count": 45,
    "counts_by_type": {
        "caption": 3,
        "footer": 1,
        "footnote": 3,
        "formula": 2,
        "link": 6,
        "table": 3,
        "table_cell": 24,
        "text": 3
    },
    "build_ms": 10,
    "items": [
        {
            "id": "p13.1",
            "order": 1,
            "type": "caption",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 162.9151,
                "t": 771.5725,
                "r": 430.6813,
                "b": 757.653
            },
            "text": "TABLE 4. Price markups (elasticities of substitution)",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "figure_title"
            },
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.2",
            "order": 2,
            "type": "table",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 71.5003,
                "t": 747.0934,
                "r": 534.3328,
                "b": 669.8161
            },
            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "table",
                "n_rows": 2,
                "n_cols": 4,
                "integrity": {
                    "cells_checked": 7,
                    "cells_flagged": 2,
                    "flags": [
                        {
                            "row": 0,
                            "col": 1,
                            "coverage": 0.5,
                            "text": "Tradables $ \\theta_T $"
                        },
                        {
                            "row": 0,
                            "col": 2,
                            "coverage": 0.5,
                            "text": "Non-tradables $ \\theta_N $"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.1",
                    "order": 3,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 71.5003,
                        "t": 747.0934,
                        "r": 187.2084,
                        "b": 731.6379
                    },
                    "text": "",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 0,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.2",
                    "order": 4,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 187.2084,
                        "t": 747.0934,
                        "r": 302.9166,
                        "b": 731.6379
                    },
                    "text": "Tradables $ \\theta_T $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 1,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.3",
                    "order": 5,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 302.9166,
                        "t": 747.0934,
                        "r": 418.6247,
                        "b": 731.6379
                    },
                    "text": "Non-tradables $ \\theta_N $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 2,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.4",
                    "order": 6,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 412.23576,
                        "t": 745.0714399999999,
                        "r": 508.367523,
                        "b": 729.52968
                    },
                    "text": "Imports of exports $ \\theta_X $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 3,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.5",
                    "order": 7,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 76.844,
                        "t": 730.62544,
                        "r": 108.608966,
                        "b": 671.74568
                    },
                    "text": "Home\nREA\nUS\nRW",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 0,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.6",
                    "order": 8,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 229.069562,
                        "t": 730.62544,
                        "r": 278.277165,
                        "b": 671.74568
                    },
                    "text": "1.20 (6.0)\n1.20 (6.0)\n1.20 (6.0)\n1.20 (6.0)",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 1,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.7",
                    "order": 9,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 326.396845,
                        "t": 730.62544,
                        "r": 375.616403,
                        "b": 671.74568
                    },
                    "text": "1.50 (3.0)\n1.50 (3.0)\n1.28 (4.6)\n1.28 (4.6)",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 2,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.2.8",
                    "order": 10,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 447.204141,
                        "t": 730.62544,
                        "r": 496.423699,
                        "b": 671.74568
                    },
                    "text": "1.30 (4.3)\n1.30 (4.3)\n1.20 (6.0)\n1.20 (6.0)",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 3,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.3",
            "order": 11,
            "type": "footnote",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 171.7927,
                "t": 670.0561,
                "r": 424.2031,
                "b": 659.2565
            },
            "text": "Note: REA=Rest of the euro area; US=United States; RW=Rest of world",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "vision_footnote"
            },
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.4",
            "order": 12,
            "type": "caption",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 211.3818,
                "t": 635.0174,
                "r": 382.9345,
                "b": 621.0979
            },
            "text": "TABLE 5. Nominal price rigidities",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "figure_title"
            },
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.5",
            "order": 13,
            "type": "table",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 71.2604,
                "t": 610.7782,
                "r": 533.8529,
                "b": 533.021
            },
            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "table",
                "n_rows": 2,
                "n_cols": 4,
                "integrity": {
                    "cells_checked": 7,
                    "cells_flagged": 2,
                    "flags": [
                        {
                            "row": 0,
                            "col": 1,
                            "coverage": 0.5,
                            "text": "Tradables $ \\xi_T $"
                        },
                        {
                            "row": 0,
                            "col": 2,
                            "coverage": 0.5,
                            "text": "Non-tradables $ \\xi_N $"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.1",
                    "order": 14,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 71.2604,
                        "t": 610.7782,
                        "r": 186.9085,
                        "b": 595.2268
                    },
                    "text": "",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 0,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.2",
                    "order": 15,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 186.9085,
                        "t": 610.7782,
                        "r": 302.5566,
                        "b": 595.2268
                    },
                    "text": "Tradables $ \\xi_T $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 1,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.3",
                    "order": 16,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 302.5566,
                        "t": 610.7782,
                        "r": 418.2048,
                        "b": 595.2268
                    },
                    "text": "Non-tradables $ \\xi_N $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 2,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.4",
                    "order": 17,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 411.55076,
                        "t": 608.15244,
                        "r": 507.682523,
                        "b": 592.61068
                    },
                    "text": "Imports of exports $ \\xi_X $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 3,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.5",
                    "order": 18,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 76.844,
                        "t": 593.7064399999999,
                        "r": 108.608966,
                        "b": 534.82668
                    },
                    "text": "Home\nREA\nUS\nRW",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 0,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.6",
                    "order": 19,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 241.837715,
                        "t": 593.7064399999999,
                        "r": 265.174266,
                        "b": 534.82668
                    },
                    "text": "0.75\n0.92\n0.75\n0.75",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 1,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.7",
                    "order": 20,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 338.830253,
                        "t": 593.7064399999999,
                        "r": 362.166803,
                        "b": 534.82668
                    },
                    "text": "0.75\n0.92\n0.75\n0.75",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 2,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.5.8",
                    "order": 21,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 459.290848,
                        "t": 593.7064399999999,
                        "r": 482.627398,
                        "b": 534.82668
                    },
                    "text": "0.75\n0.75\n0.75\n0.75",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 3,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.6",
            "order": 22,
            "type": "footnote",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 171.5527,
                "t": 533.021,
                "r": 423.7233,
                "b": 522.7014
            },
            "text": "Note: REA=Rest of the euro area; US=United States; RW=Rest of world",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "vision_footnote"
            },
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.7",
            "order": 23,
            "type": "caption",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 229.3768,
                "t": 497.7423,
                "r": 365.4193,
                "b": 484.0628
            },
            "text": "TABLE 6. Monetary policy",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "figure_title"
            },
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.8",
            "order": 24,
            "type": "table",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 69.101,
                "t": 471.5832,
                "r": 537.9318,
                "b": 396.4659
            },
            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "table",
                "n_rows": 2,
                "n_cols": 4,
                "integrity": {
                    "cells_checked": 7,
                    "cells_flagged": 0
                }
            },
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.1",
                    "order": 25,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 69.101,
                        "t": 471.5832,
                        "r": 186.3087,
                        "b": 456.5597
                    },
                    "text": "",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 0,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.2",
                    "order": 26,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 120.564,
                        "t": 471.23344,
                        "r": 220.68829,
                        "b": 455.69167999999996
                    },
                    "text": "Weight on inflation $ \\phi_{\\pi} $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 1,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.3",
                    "order": 27,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 254.69876,
                        "t": 471.23344,
                        "r": 386.743944,
                        "b": 455.69167999999996
                    },
                    "text": "Weight on output growth $ \\phi_{Y} $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 2,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.4",
                    "order": 28,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 422.39576,
                        "t": 471.23344,
                        "r": 512.322774,
                        "b": 455.69167999999996
                    },
                    "text": "Int. r. persistence $ \\phi_{r} $",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 0,
                        "col": 3,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.5",
                    "order": 29,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 76.844,
                        "t": 456.78744,
                        "r": 108.608966,
                        "b": 397.90767999999997
                    },
                    "text": "Home\nREA\nUS\nRW",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 0,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.6",
                    "order": 30,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 169.986963,
                        "t": 456.78744,
                        "r": 193.323514,
                        "b": 397.90767999999997
                    },
                    "text": "1.70\n1.70\n1.70\n1.70",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 1,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.7",
                    "order": 31,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 320.897453,
                        "t": 456.78744,
                        "r": 344.234003,
                        "b": 397.90767999999997
                    },
                    "text": "0.10\n0.10\n0.10\n0.10",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 2,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.8.8",
                    "order": 32,
                    "type": "table_cell",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 466.177043,
                        "t": 456.78744,
                        "r": 489.513594,
                        "b": 397.90767999999997
                    },
                    "text": "0.87\n0.87\n0.87\n0.87",
                    "attrs": {
                        "row": 1,
                        "col": 3,
                        "rowspan": 1,
                        "colspan": 1,
                        "bbox_refit": true,
                        "merged_continuation": true
                    },
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.9",
            "order": 33,
            "type": "footnote",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 171.0729,
                "t": 395.7459,
                "r": 423.4833,
                "b": 385.6663
            },
            "text": "Note: REA=Rest of the euro area; US=United States; RW=Rest of world",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "vision_footnote"
            },
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.10",
            "order": 34,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 66.7016,
                "t": 370.5468,
                "r": 527.1348,
                "b": 226.3119
            },
            "text": "To calibrate the model with labour market frictions, we use the following strategy. First, we use identical parameters as in the model without labour market frictions (discussed above) wherever possible, in order to keep the two model versions harmonised to the greatest extent possible so that they are comparable. We can do this only for those parameters that are common to both models, such as the Frisch elasticity of labour supply and the frequency of resetting prices (see Table 5 for nominal price rigidities that are common across models) and wages. Second, for parameters that are specific to the model with search frictions, we use the values based either on the literature or empirical estimates. The calibration parameters are reported in Table 7 and we discuss both groups of parameters below in more detail.",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p13.10.1",
                    "order": 35,
                    "type": "link",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 454.07,
                        "t": 297.666,
                        "r": 462.996,
                        "b": 284.441
                    },
                    "text": "5",
                    "attrs": {
                        "action_type": "/Named"
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.10.2",
                    "order": 36,
                    "type": "link",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 494.853,
                        "t": 253.844,
                        "r": 503.78,
                        "b": 241.104
                    },
                    "text": "7",
                    "attrs": {
                        "action_type": "/Named"
                    },
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.11",
            "order": 37,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 67.1815,
                "t": 225.592,
                "r": 526.8948,
                "b": 110.876
            },
            "text": "In the first group of parameters that we can harmonise across both models are wage rigidities and Frisch labour supply elasticities. The Frisch labour supply elasticity is set to 0.5 as is typical in the literature (its inverse,[p13.11.3]). Even though the model with labour market frictions can distinguish between wage rigidities of new hires and wage rigidities of existing workers (measured by the probabilities that they start working at existing average wage), we set both to equal value (and to the value equal to that in the model with the standard labour market), so that[p13.11.4]. These values are based on the estimates in De Walque et al. (2009).",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p13.11.1",
                    "order": 38,
                    "type": "link",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 222.872,
                        "t": 124.316,
                        "r": 309.806,
                        "b": 111.091
                    },
                    "text": "De Walque et al.",
                    "attrs": {
                        "action_type": "/Named"
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.11.2",
                    "order": 39,
                    "type": "link",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 313.707,
                        "t": 124.316,
                        "r": 343.436,
                        "b": 111.091
                    },
                    "text": "(2009).",
                    "attrs": {
                        "action_type": "/Named"
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.11.3",
                    "order": 40,
                    "type": "formula",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 67.1815,
                        "t": 225.592,
                        "r": 526.8948,
                        "b": 110.876
                    },
                    "text": "ζ = 2",
                    "attrs": {
                        "latex": "\\zeta = 2",
                        "inline": true,
                        "text_offset": 228,
                        "text_span": 10,
                        "bbox_estimated": true,
                        "alt": "zeta equals 2",
                        "mathml": "<math aria-label=\"zeta equals 2\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mrow><mi>&#x003B6;</mi><mo>&#x0003D;</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>"
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.11.4",
                    "order": 41,
                    "type": "formula",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 67.1815,
                        "t": 225.592,
                        "r": 526.8948,
                        "b": 110.876
                    },
                    "text": "\\xi_{w,i} = \\xi_{w,j} = \\kappa_{w,i} = \\kappa_{w,j}",
                    "attrs": {
                        "latex": "\\xi_{w,i} = \\xi_{w,j} = \\kappa_{w,i} = \\kappa_{w,j}",
                        "inline": true,
                        "text_offset": 580,
                        "text_span": 10,
                        "bbox_estimated": true,
                        "notation": "latex",
                        "alt": "xi sub w, i equals xi sub w, j equals kappa sub w, i equals kappa sub w, j",
                        "mathml": "<math aria-label=\"xi sub w, i equals xi sub w, j equals kappa sub w, i equals kappa sub w, j\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mrow><msub><mi>&#x003BE;</mi><mrow><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x0002C;</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&#x0003D;</mo><msub><mi>&#x003BE;</mi><mrow><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x0002C;</mo><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&#x0003D;</mo><msub><mi>&#x003BA;</mi><mrow><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x0002C;</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&#x0003D;</mo><msub><mi>&#x003BA;</mi><mrow><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x0002C;</mo><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>"
                    },
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.12",
            "order": 42,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 67.6614,
                "t": 110.1561,
                "r": 526.6549,
                "b": 66.9576
            },
            "text": "In the second group of parameters that are not shared between both models, we set matching elasticities for both households to 0.5, in line with the range of values in Petrongolo and Pissarides (2001). We do this because we want to keep the model",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p13.12.1",
                    "order": 43,
                    "type": "link",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 83.231,
                        "t": 80.978,
                        "r": 223.165,
                        "b": 67.754
                    },
                    "text": "Petrongolo and Pissarides",
                    "attrs": {
                        "action_type": "/Named"
                    },
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "id": "p13.12.2",
                    "order": 44,
                    "type": "link",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 228.413,
                        "t": 80.978,
                        "r": 258.142,
                        "b": 67.754
                    },
                    "text": "(2001).",
                    "attrs": {
                        "action_type": "/Named"
                    },
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "p13.13",
            "order": 45,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 290.32,
                "t": 50.8782,
                "r": 305.6758,
                "b": 39.3586
            },
            "text": "12",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "number"
            },
            "children": []
        }
    ],
    "ai_page_review": {
        "model": "claude-opus-4-8",
        "applied": true,
        "changed": true,
        "reviewed_at": "2026-08-21T10:45:12+00:00"
    }
}