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    "items": [
        {
            "id": "p109.1",
            "order": 1,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "Teacher Certification Option (Grades 8-12)",
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            "level": 3
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        {
            "id": "p109.2",
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            "text": "A minimum of 128-139 semester credit hours is required for a major in Biology with high school teacher certification. In addition to the University's Liberal Studies requirements (with BIO 111 and MAT 115 in place of BIO 101 and MAT 111, and CHE 101, instead of other natural science electives); students must complete a Biology core of 25 semester credit hours (BIO 210, 212, 302, 303, 307, 316, 401, and 408); 5/6 semester credit hours of Biology electives selected from BIO 301, 304, 305, 308, 309, 315, 316, 317, 318, or 410; a 4 semester credit hour Chemistry course (CHE 102/120); 33 semester credit hours of Professional Education courses (EDU 202, 203, 302, 304, 310, 413, 430, and 494); a 4 semester credit hour Mathematics course (MAT 120); 8 semester credit hours of support courses in Physical Sciences; and 3 semester credit hours of free electives. PHY 207 and PHY 208 are strongly recommended."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.3",
            "order": 3,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 51.36,
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            "text": "For specific requirements to receive teacher certification, interested students should consult the Catalogue section under the School of Education. Students seeking teacher certification should refer to the admission criteria and procedures included in the College of Professional Studies section of this Catalogue."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.4",
            "order": 4,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "Minor in Biology",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.5",
            "order": 5,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "A minor in biology requires the completion of a minimum of 21 semester credit hours in Biology. A student pursuing a minor in Biology will be required to successfully complete BIO 111, 210, and 212. Additional courses are chosen from the remaining core requirements (BIO 302, 303, 307, 316, 408). One course may be selected from the biology electives to complete the required 21 semester credit hours. BIO 401 and 410 can be taken, but they cannot be used as part of the required 21 semester credit hours for a minor in Biology."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.6",
            "order": 6,
            "type": "heading",
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            "text": "CHEMISTRY",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.7",
            "order": 7,
            "type": "text",
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            "text": "The science of chemistry is concerned with the structure, composition, and reactions of matter. Chemistry instruction at the University is designed to familiarize the student with current views of these concepts. The relevance of chemistry is readily apparent, for the universe and the life forms it contains are chemical systems undergoing specific chemical reactions. To understand the universe and ourselves, it is necessary to understand the laws governing these chemical systems. A deeper knowledge of chemistry is necessary to solve many of humanity's problems: feeding the hungry, healing the sick, and bettering living conditions in general. Coursework in chemistry at Kentucky State University considers both experimental and theoretical topics and emphasizes their interdependence."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.8",
            "order": 8,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 68.64,
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            "text": "A minimum of 128 semester credit hours is required to earn the Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. A minor in chemistry is also offered."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.9",
            "order": 9,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 320.88,
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            },
            "text": "required to earn the Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. A minor in chemistry is also offered."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.10",
            "order": 10,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 321.36,
                "t": 703.2,
                "r": 416.4,
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            "text": "Major in Chemistry",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.11",
            "order": 11,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 320.64,
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            "text": "The courses required for a major in chemistry are CHE 101/110, 102/120, 301/310, 302/320, 303, 407, 408, 412, 414, and either 401 or 402 (a total of 37-40 semester credit hours). The support courses required for a major in Chemistry are COS 101 or 108; MAT 131 and 132; one additional upper-level mathematics course; and two physics courses from two options: PHY 211/212 or PHY 207/208 (a total of 24-26 semester credit hours). The calculus-based physics is preferred for graduate study in chemistry. The student must earn a grade of at least \"C\" in the required and support courses."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.12",
            "order": 12,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 321.12,
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            "text": "Minor in Chemistry",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.13",
            "order": 13,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 320.64,
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                "r": 559.44,
                "b": 468.48
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            "text": "A minor in chemistry requires the completion of 20 semester credit hours. Specific course requirements include CHE 101/110, 102/120, 301/310, and 302/320; the remaining 4 semester credit hours must be selected from CHE 303, 315/350, 407, and 412."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.14",
            "order": 14,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 320.88,
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            "text": "MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.15",
            "order": 15,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 320.64,
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            "text": "Knowledge of mathematical facts and procedures is indispensable to a satisfactory understanding of every field of science. This is true for both the physical and biological sciences, and even the humanities are influenced by the traditions of mathematical knowledge. Mathematical skills and processes are central to the development and practice of critical thought and expression. Physics is the science that seeks to employ mathematics to explain the universe and its phenomena. Courses in mathematics and physics at Kentucky State University are designed to integrate theoretical and practical topics."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.16",
            "order": 16,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 320.64,
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            "text": "The Division of Mathematics and Sciences offers a Mathematics degree with three options: Pure Mathematics, Applied Mathematics/Pre-Engineering, and Mathematics with Teaching Certification. Minors in Mathematics and Physics are also offered."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.17",
            "order": 17,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 320.64,
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                "b": 154.08
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            "text": "All students entering Kentucky State University who have not met the Liberal Studies Requirements for Mathematics (by a transfer course from another university or college) are placed in appropriate Mathematics courses on the basis of their composite Mathematics ACT or Mathematics Placement Exams scores."
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.18",
            "order": 18,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 321.12,
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            "text": "Applied Mathematics/Pre-engineering Option",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.19",
            "order": 19,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "The Applied Mathematics (Pre-Engineering) Option is a five-year course of study offered jointly by Kentucky State University and four other universities. Students in this program attend Kentucky State University for three years of study in the pre-engineering area of their choice, and then"
        },
        {
            "id": "p109.20",
            "order": 20,
            "type": "footer",
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            "text": "101",
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        {
            "id": "p109.21",
            "order": 21,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 406.56,
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                "b": 36.24
            },
            "text": "KSU CATALOGUE, 2004-2005",
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