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            "text": "WHY dB(A) ALONE CAN HIDE DATA CENTER NOISE",
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            "text": "Measure the Full Sound. Measure in dB(C)."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.3",
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            "text": "Data centers produce large amounts of low-frequency sound from cooling fans, chillers, transformers, and generators. Standard dB(A) measurements greatly underestimate this energy and the impacts it can have on nearby communities."
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                    "text": "<table><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></table>"
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            "text": "1. MEASURED DATA CENTER NOISE SPECTRUM Cooling Fan Dominated Facility",
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            "id": "p33.6",
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            "text": "One third octave band measurements taken at a data center property line show strong low-frequency energy. A-weighting suppresses these frequencies."
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            "text": "A weighting reduces the measured level of the 118 Hz Inn tone by -20-25 dB. This is why dB(A) readings can appear \"quot\" when the hum is clearly audible."
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            "text": "Source: HVGC Engineering. \"Analysis: Adding Sample Low-Frequency Trend Analysis to dBx.\"\nHVC Tech Note, 2021. Measured at a data center with cooling temperature.\nhttps://en.com/index-cs-lev-v்டا.zh-tw/addng-sample-low-frequency-tond-analysis-to-db/"
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            "text": "4. A-WEIGHTING STRONOLY ATTENUATES LOW FREQUENCIES",
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            "text": "Weighting curves from IEC 61672 show how dB(A) discounts low frequencies compared with d0(C). At 31.6 Hz, A-weighting is +36 d0 lower than C-weighting."
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            "text": "Weighting Difference (C - A)"
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            "id": "p33.15",
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            "text": "Mid & High Frequencies\n(Title or No Reduction)"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.16",
            "order": 38,
            "type": "text",
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            "text": "Low Frequencies\n(Nearly Reduced by Avalighting)"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.17",
            "order": 39,
            "type": "text",
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            "text": "Source: IEC 61672-2013. Electricity could be used to provide constituents. Table values counted from standard A and C weighting curves."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.18",
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            "text": "5. COMMON DATA CENTER NOISE SOURCES",
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            "text": "GOOLINGANS",
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            "text": "DOHAKH NNST\n63-75011",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
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        {
            "id": "p33.22",
            "order": 44,
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            "text": "CHINA"
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            "text": "Based on the company\nscore\n31-230114\nTRANSFORMERS DIESEL GENERATORS COOLING TOWERS"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.25",
            "order": 47,
            "type": "text",
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            "text": "TRANSFORMERS DESEL GENERATORS COOLING TOWERS"
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        {
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            "text": "125011c hundringstod\nund formul随\n(240 H, 340 Hz, etc.)\nEreக்கland 1805\nfor发放\n20<250 Hz\n1000000000\n112000\n31-250 ft."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.28",
            "order": 50,
            "type": "figure",
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            "text": "",
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        },
        {
            "id": "p33.29",
            "order": 51,
            "type": "text",
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            "text": "Copyright 2024\n20<23010"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.30",
            "order": 52,
            "type": "figure",
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        },
        {
            "id": "p33.31",
            "order": 53,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "10000000000\n20000\n31-25014"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.32",
            "order": 54,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 79.68,
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            "text": "Sources of Energy in International. \"The Data Management Solutions. In Data Companies\" Journalist News. https://energy@kinhatauniversity.com/access-of-heuristic-management-solutions/data-century\nBecause of the low-frequency energy, the same sound can measure much higher in dB(C) than in dB(A)."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.33",
            "order": 55,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "2. THE SAME SOUND - TWO MEASUREMENTS",
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            "level": 3
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            "id": "p33.34",
            "order": 56,
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            "text": "C-WEIGHTED\n(Capsules on Fingercards)\nA-WEIGHTED\nResources Low Fingercards\n70 dB(C)"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.35",
            "order": 57,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 447.12,
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                "b": 522.96
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            "text": "50 dB(A)"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.36",
            "order": 58,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 386.4,
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            },
            "text": "The sound\ndid not\nchango.\nA-WEIGHTED\n(Refections Law Frequencies)"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.37",
            "order": 59,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 330.72,
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                "b": 488.4
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            "text": "Difference of 20 dB\nLow-frequency sound is largely ignored by dB(A)."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.38",
            "order": 60,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 307.44,
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                "b": 481.2
            },
            "text": "Source: United on one-third of the land data from INVC Engineering (2021)."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.39",
            "order": 61,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
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            },
            "text": "3. WHY LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE MATTEES",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
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        {
            "id": "p33.40",
            "order": 62,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
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        },
        {
            "id": "p33.41",
            "order": 63,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 326.4,
                "t": 459.84,
                "r": 483.6,
                "b": 444.96
            },
            "text": "Travel for the Low-frequency sound travels long distances with less attenuation and personal buildings more easily."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.42",
            "order": 64,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 307.44,
                "t": 442.32,
                "r": 481.68,
                "b": 427.2
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            "text": "Hard to block - It can pass through walls and windows and cause rattle and vibration of building components. Disturb sleep - Low-frequency noise is strongly linked to sleep disturbance and breakings."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.43",
            "order": 65,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 307.44,
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                "r": 479.28,
                "b": 409.68
            },
            "text": "Disturbs sleep - Low-frequency noise is strongly linked to sleep disturbance and awakening."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.44",
            "order": 66,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
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                "r": 323.04,
                "b": 393.36
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            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
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        },
        {
            "id": "p33.45",
            "order": 67,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 327.84,
                "t": 407.04,
                "r": 482.64,
                "b": 392.16
            },
            "text": "Health effects - Associated with stress, headaches, lesions, irritability and cardiovascular impacts."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.46",
            "order": 68,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
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                "r": 323.04,
                "b": 374.4
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            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
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            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.47",
            "order": 69,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 326.4,
                "t": 389.28,
                "r": 480.96,
                "b": 374.4
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            "text": "Hard to mask - Low-frequency noise is much more difficult to mask with typical background sounds."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.48",
            "order": 70,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "Source: World Health Organization (1999) Guidelines for Community Notes: Issuer of all (2014 Environmental Health Perspectives).\nFields, J. M. (2013) “Review of the Effects of Low Frequency Noise,” Noise & Health, 15(14), 153-159."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.49",
            "order": 71,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 307.44,
                "t": 331.92,
                "r": 496.8,
                "b": 321.6
            },
            "text": "6. WHAT COMMUNITIES AND REGULATORS ARE DOING",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "paragraph_title"
            },
            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.50",
            "order": 72,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 307.2,
                "t": 318.72,
                "r": 495.84,
                "b": 305.04
            },
            "text": "Communities are adopting octave band limits to address low-frequency noise from data centers."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.51",
            "order": 73,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 318,
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                "r": 488.64,
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            "text": "The Ordinance is being updated to include overseLL bond noise standards to address concerns related to low frequency noise from data centers.\n- Prince William County, VA 2006 Ordinance Update, 2025"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.52",
            "order": 74,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 307.68,
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                "r": 492.72,
                "b": 264.24
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            "text": "Industry and technological experts in ground monitoring and monitoring work"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.53",
            "order": 75,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 318.24,
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                "r": 457.68,
                "b": 242.88
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            "text": "When prominent low-frequency components are present, noise measures based on A-weighting are inappropriate.*\nW14O Guidelines for Connectivity News, 1999"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.54",
            "order": 76,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 306.24,
                "t": 238.56,
                "r": 314.4,
                "b": 229.92
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            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
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            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.55",
            "order": 77,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 314.64,
                "t": 237.84,
                "r": 483.12,
                "b": 224.16
            },
            "text": "Technical guidance for data centers calls for octave-band analysis and C-weight-based reporting.",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "paragraph_title"
            },
            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.56",
            "order": 78,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 317.52,
                "t": 230.16,
                "r": 498.96,
                "b": 200.64
            },
            "text": "and C-weighted reporting.\n*Crave bond analysis allows you to identify and quantify the low-frequency components of noise that may be missed by a/a measurements.*\n- Larsen Davis, Data Center Noise Monitoring Guide, 2023"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.57",
            "order": 79,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 195.6,
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                "r": 388.08,
                "b": 176.4
            },
            "text": "7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FAIR NOISE ASSESSMENT",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "paragraph_title"
            },
            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.58",
            "order": 80,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 82.8,
                "t": 172.32,
                "r": 115.44,
                "b": 139.68
            },
            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "image"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.59",
            "order": 81,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 118.32,
                "t": 171.36,
                "r": 283.68,
                "b": 137.28
            },
            "text": "MEASURE AND REPORT\nBOTH dB(A) AND dB(C)\nAt all property lines,\nday and night.\nUSE 1/3-OCTAVE\nBAND ANALYSIS\nAt minimum 20 Hz\nto 8 kHz"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.60",
            "order": 82,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 296.16,
                "t": 171.84,
                "r": 328.56,
                "b": 138.72
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            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
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            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.61",
            "order": 83,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 76.08,
                "t": 127.92,
                "r": 101.52,
                "b": 121.44
            },
            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "paragraph_title"
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.62",
            "order": 84,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 75.6,
                "t": 120.48,
                "r": 323.28,
                "b": 78
            },
            "text": "1.厘船Whom County, VA. (1926, March 18). GO010. IIT N更新 Update Presentation.\nhttps://www.gov/news/2018-03/GO040710/0407100/Freerance/2018-03-07-0220012401202301.pdf\n2. WesterLuish Organization, (1974). Oultinfor for Coromondy Place, WHO Regional Office for Europe.\nhttps://www.gov.uk/regards/Legislation/217\n3. الرجال D瞳 (2023). Data Center Home Monitoring: Handling and Managing Low-Frequency N&C.\nhttps://www.gov.uk/data/events/news/information/news-monitoring/media-central-news-monitoring\nNIGHTTIME IMPACTS\nLow-frequency noise\nis more disturbing\nof night.\n4. 4.4.7. Kandahar, 4.4.7.1, 4.4.7.1, 4.4.7.1, 4.4.7"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.63",
            "order": 85,
            "type": "heading",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 332.64,
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                "r": 361.2,
                "b": 162.72
            },
            "text": "EVALUATE",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "paragraph_title"
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            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.64",
            "order": 86,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 331.44,
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                "b": 129.84
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            "text": "RIGHTTIME IMPACTS\nLow-frequency noise\nis more disturbing\nat night"
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.65",
            "order": 87,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 395.04,
                "t": 172.32,
                "r": 429.12,
                "b": 137.76
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            "text": "",
            "attrs": {
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        },
        {
            "id": "p33.66",
            "order": 88,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 433.68,
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            "text": "CONSIDER INDOOR MEASUREMENTS\nLow-frequency noise builds up to 1000 homes."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.67",
            "order": 89,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 339.6,
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                "b": 96
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            "text": "dB(A) is useful for many everyday sounds.\nBut for data centers, it can miss the noise that matters."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.68",
            "order": 90,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 369.6,
                "t": 91.44,
                "r": 465.12,
                "b": 81.12
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            "text": "Measure the full sound."
        },
        {
            "id": "p33.69",
            "order": 91,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "Page 33 of 113",
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