{
    "document_id": 15918,
    "page": 75,
    "width_pt": 612,
    "height_pt": 792,
    "rotation": 0,
    "pipeline_version": "paddleocr-vl-1.6+paul-48",
    "engine": "paddleocr_vl",
    "source_run_id": 16030,
    "item_count": 7,
    "counts_by_type": {
        "footer": 1,
        "form_field": 1,
        "text": 5
    },
    "build_ms": 1,
    "items": [
        {
            "id": "p75.1",
            "order": 1,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 105.12,
                "t": 719.04,
                "r": 536.4,
                "b": 579.6
            },
            "text": "to that colder climate and later frosts by flowering later. However, accessions from West Virginia and Kentucky consistently flowered later than any other populations in this study. West Virginia was the second most northern populations studied; however, Kentucky was the most southern population in this study. The most northern population, New York, generally flowered fairly early. Therefore it cannot be concluded that more northern accessions bloom later to avoid frost. Seedling populations from more southern regions were not available for evaluation in this current study."
        },
        {
            "id": "p75.2",
            "order": 2,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 104.88,
                "t": 574.56,
                "r": 537.84,
                "b": 352.32
            },
            "text": "Ripening of most tree fruits depends on obtaining a certain amount of growing degree days (GDDs). GDDs are calculated by subtracting a base temperature, usually [p75.2.2]C, from the mean daily temperature. It is logical that trees from more northern regions of the U.S. would require fewer GDDs for fruit ripening since fall frosts would generally occur earlier in those areas; this is an adaptation to enable the fruit to ripen before it is killed by frost. GDDs required for pawpaw ripening have not been reported in any other literature. In this study, GDDs required for ripening varied between populations from different regions of the country. The New York population was the northern-most group examined and required the fewest GDDs for fruit ripening. This may represent an adaptation in northern populations to allow fruit to ripen prior to a frost or freeze. GDDs required for fruit ripening by pawpaws in this study ranged from 2200-3200 GDDs.",
            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p75.2.1",
                    "order": 3,
                    "type": "form_field",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 179.4,
                        "t": 574.56,
                        "r": 191.4,
                        "b": 562.56
                    },
                    "text": "",
                    "attrs": {
                        "field_kind": "radio",
                        "label": "C, from the mean daily temperature. It is logical that tree…",
                        "source": "glyph_estimate",
                        "bbox_estimated": true,
                        "label_source": "parent_text",
                        "label_ref": "p75.2",
                        "text_offset": 170,
                        "text_span": 0
                    }
                },
                {
                    "id": "p75.2.2",
                    "order": 4,
                    "type": "text",
                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 104.88,
                        "t": 574.56,
                        "r": 537.84,
                        "b": 352.32
                    },
                    "text": "10^{\\circ}",
                    "attrs": {
                        "inline": true,
                        "text_offset": 161,
                        "text_span": 9,
                        "bbox_estimated": true
                    }
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "p75.3",
            "order": 5,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 104.64,
                "t": 346.56,
                "r": 537.6,
                "b": 146.4
            },
            "text": "Many tree fruit crops experience biennial bearing (Westwood, 1993). Biennial bearing occurs when a tree has a heavy fruit crop while initiating the next year's flower buds. Most of the tree's resources must go into fruit production rather than floral bud initiation, therefore few flower buds are formed in years of heavy cropping. It is not known whether biennial bearing occurs in pawpaw. Loss of most of the fruit due to frost damage in 2003 makes it difficult to determine whether pawpaw exhibits biennial bearing, as there were not 3 consecutive years in which the trees produced a maximum fruit load. At least two more years of data would be required to determine if there is a tendency in pawpaw towards biennial bearing in the year following a year with high fruit set."
        },
        {
            "id": "p75.4",
            "order": 6,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 105.12,
                "t": 139.68,
                "r": 532.32,
                "b": 83.28
            },
            "text": "A common practice to determine maturity is to touch each fruit to determine if it is ready to harvest; ripe softening pawpaw fruit pull away from the tree when squeezed gently, as ripe peaches do, and can be picked easily with a gentle tug. Thus, fruit are"
        },
        {
            "id": "p75.5",
            "order": 7,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 316.8,
                "t": 48.48,
                "r": 330.72,
                "b": 37.2
            },
            "text": "63",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "number"
            }
        }
    ],
    "excluded_furniture": {
        "first": [],
        "last": []
    }
}