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            "text": "In the 2003 experiment, fewer than 10% of stems rotted. Six shoots out of 66 examined had formed adventitious roots. The six shoots with roots were present in three blocks (plants). Of the two plants which had shoots that produced roots, one was a wounded shoot treated with 5000 ppm IBA (Row 5, Tree 97), and the other was a control shoot and a shoot treated with 10,000 ppm IBA but not girdled (Row 2, Tree 43). Four of the rooted shoots were from one genotype (Row 6, tree 71), and rooting was not associated with any treatments applied (Figure 4.3). Rooting had occurred far below the girdle and the area in which auxin was applied, some control shoots also rooted, and several shoots rooted that had emerged later and were not part of this mound layering study."
        },
        {
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            "text": "Discussion",
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            "text": "With the IBA concentrations used with wounding of pawpaw shoots, mound layering does not appear to be a viable method for propagation of pawpaw. Trees used in this study were cut back to the ground for two years prior to the implementation of the experiments, so there already was an attempt to rejuvenate the plants used in this study and facilitate rooting. However, there are a number of possible problems that may have resulted in the failure of root development by shoots. Incomplete girdling of shoots may not have blocked translocation of compounds down the stem; however, when shoots were wounded with sandpaper, every effort to remove the bark was made by attempting to expose the xylem layer under the bark phloem. Timing of girdling or wounding could be important. Shoots were obviously etiolated and actively growing when treated; stems continued to grow after treatment. Various forms of auxin were used in other studies (Rashid, 1978), other forms of auxin could influence root initiation than the IBA used in this study. Finneseth used concentrations of 1,000 to 80,000 ppm IBA with cutting propagation of pawpaw and noted damage at a concentration above 40,000 ppm. Higher concentrations of IBA, greater than 10,000 ppm could be attempted in future mound layering studies, however very high concentrations (over 40,000 ppm) could also lead to damage to tissue and failure of root generation."
        },
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            "text": "Rotting was also a problem in this mound layering system, particularly in 2002. Precipitation was higher in 2002 than 2003, and 22.6% of shoots rotted in 2002 compared to less than 10% rotting in 2003. These damp conditions would have been favorable for a"
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            "text": "46",
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