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            "text": "that: 1) IBA applied to pawpaw shoots will enhance rooting, 2) girdling of shoots will enhance rooting, 3) the combined effects of IBA application and girdling will promote rooting of shoots greater than either of these approaches used separately, and 4) that pawpaw shoots will root in a mound layering system. The objective for this study was to determine if mound layering with girdling and IBA application to shoots will promote rooting and allow clonal propagation of pawpaw."
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            "text": "Materials and Methods",
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            "text": "Plant material. Nine seedling plants were selected from Kentucky State University's Pawpaw Germplasm Repository Orchard in Frankfort, Kentucky. These trees originated from seed collected from eight different geographic regions and sown in the KSU greenhouses. These seedlings were grown in the greenhouses to one-year-old and were then planted in the spring of 1995. These selections were cut back to the ground in March 2000 and 2001 in preparation for mound layering. Selected trees were 7-8 years old at the time of this study."
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            "text": "2002 experiment. To examine the effects of wounding and auxin on rooting in mound layering of pawpaw, a field experiment was conducted with a 2x3 factorial treatment structure, with the two main factors being auxin concentration and wounding. Trees were cut back in early May 2002 to 10-15 cm above the soil line and covered with 30 cm of fine pine shavings, contained in a wooden box to cause etiolation of the new shoots (Figure 4.1). The shoots were allowed to grow until they emerged from the shavings, a height of approximately 40 - 60 cm, and treatments were then applied to the etiolated shoots."
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            "text": "Treatments were applied on July 15-16, 2002 and included 0 IBA without wounding, 0 IBA with wounding; 3000 ppm IBA without wounding, 3000 ppm IBA with wounding; 6000 ppm IBA without wounding, 6000 ppm IBA with wounding; in lanolin paste applied at the wound. The experimental design for this study was a randomized block of 9 replicate blocks, with each individual tree serving as a block. Each block (tree) contained varied numbers of shoots per treatment combination per due to differences in shoot emergence. Each block (tree) had all treatment combinations, with 2-4 reps of each treatment combination for each tree. IBA was prepared from a reagent grade ([p56.5.1] insoluble) powder (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) dissolved in a small amount of 95%",
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