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            "text": "a quick dip solution, shoots of ontogenetically more juvenile pawpaw seedlings will have greater rooting potential than shoots of ontogenetically more mature pawpaw seedlings, and increasing concentrations of auxin applied to pawpaw shoots will enhance rooting. Our objectives were to determine which of two different auxin delivery methods most enhances rooting of pawpaw shoots, and to examine the role juvenility plays in rooting of pawpaw."
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            "text": "Materials and methods",
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            "text": "Plant Material. For all experiments, pawpaw seed was harvested in 2002 from open-pollinated half-sib trees at the Keedysville, Md. orchard at the Western Maryland Research and Education Center. Seed was stratified at 5°C for 3 months and was sown to a 3 cm depth in moist Pro-Mix ‘BX’ potting substrate (Premier Horticulture, Inc. Red Hill, Pa.). Seedlings were grown in a white-washed greenhouse under a 16-h photoperiod supplemented by high pressure sodium lights with temperatures set at 24/30°C. Photosynthetic photon flux was measured at canopy level on a clear sunny representative day at 1200 HR at 150-350 μmol•m⁻²•s⁻¹ by using a LiCor LI-185B photometer with a quantum sensor (LiCor, Lincoln, Nebr.)."
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            "text": "2003 Seedling experiment",
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            "text": "In a preliminary experiment to examine the effects of juvenile, IBA concentration, and auxin delivery system on rooting of pawpaw shoots in a pot layering system, 120 pawpaw seeds were sown in ProMix BX potting medium into 1 gallon TreePots (Stuewe and Sons, Inc., Corvallis, Ore.), on May 12, 2003, while one-year-old seedlings were moved into greenhouses after remaining in a walk-in cooler obtaining their chilling requirement. The young seedlings were defoliated once they had reached 3-5 leaves, approximately 4 weeks after shoot emergence, and the one-year-old seedlings were defoliated, cut back to approximately 10 buds, and the lower, more juvenile buds rubbed off, leaving 3-4 more mature upper buds. Another one-gallon TreePot, with the bottom cut off, was fitted securely upright into the existing pot containing the seedling. The bottomless pots placed on top of the larger, one-year-old seedlings were approximately 30 cm tall, while the bottomless pots placed on top of the smaller, 4-week-old seedlings were approximately 12 cm tall. The bottomless pot was then filled with fine pine shavings."
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            "text": "31",
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