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            "text": "pecan (Wood, 1989), and walnut (Rashid, 1978). Control shoots not treated with IBA had great difficulty rooting, especially in more mature plants. In the 2003 experiment, a greater number of mature shoots rooted with high levels of IBA. It is possible that greater numbers of mature shoots in 2003 rooted because of the increased levels of IBA than that used in 2002, which could have promoted rooting in even the oldest seedlings. Plants were also allowed to remain in the trench layering beds for 4 weeks longer after treatment in 2003, which would have given slow- or difficult-to-root plants a greater length of time in which to root, and could have led to higher rooting percentages in the more mature plants. Also, the trend of IBA application promoting rooting was seen in both years."
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            "text": "A number of problems may have influenced the results of the 2003 study. The greenhouse this study was conducted in experienced several heater failures, causing the temperatures to drop much lower than optimal. Freezing temperatures were not reached in the greenhouse, although temperatures from[p37.2.2] were sustained for at least one day on several occasions. These cool temperatures caused the emerging shoots to have much less vigor. These cool temperatures in the rooting substrate are also not conducive to adventitious root formation. Approximately 40% of shoots rotted in 2002; however, many more shoots (64%) rotted in 2003, which could also be attributed to the soil and sawdust staying much cooler and moister due to the greenhouse conditions, which could have lead to increased disease pressure. A fungal organism likely invaded the trench layering beds and caused a shoot rot of many plants. These two factors led to having much fewer replicate plants in each treatment combination 2003 than in the original design. This lack of replication could be one reason neither main effect was shown to affect rooting percentage; a high degree of variation combined with a lack of replication caused differences to not be statistically significant. Perhaps if more plants had remained in the experiment, there would have been enough plant material to effectively show differences between treatments. No differences were seen either year between the two levels of IBA, suggesting that even higher concentrations of IBA could be tested on trench layered pawpaws with the possibility of increasing rooting. Finneseth (1997) tested various levels of IBA applied as a quick dip to pawpaw cuttings. Cuttings treated with 40,000 and 80,000 ppm IBA did not root and exhibited tissue necrosis. Therefore, IBA concentrations above 40,000 ppm should not be attempted. Finneseth (1997)",
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