{
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            "text": "treated with IBA. None of the older control shoots produced any roots. Also, the treatment combination most successful at promoting rooting was shoots of 3-week-old seedlings treated with 10,000 ppm IBA, with a rooting percentage of 31%."
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        {
            "id": "p35.2",
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            "text": "2003 Experiment. As in 2002, only one bud broke at the tip and one shoot was formed per mother plant in the trench layering experiment in 2003. Again, upon analysis, data failed normality testing using Bartlett's Test, therefore these results are not reported. Two-way tables of all treatment means are reported."
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            "text": "Seedlings of all ages had a similar rooting percentage of about 16% (Table 2.4). Age of the plant did appear to affect the average number of roots per rooted shoot. Shoots from 12-week-old seedlings produced the most roots, greater than 3-week and 24-week-old plants by about 2 fold and 3.7 fold, respectively. Age of seedling also appeared to have affected root length, with 3-week-old seedlings producing roots that were about 3 times longer than 12 and 24-week-old plants."
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            "text": "IBA concentration impacted rooting percentage, with shoots treated with 0 IBA rooting at 5%, and shoots treated with 10,000 and 20,000 ppm IBA having rooting percentages of about 20% (Table 2.5). The concentration of IBA applied to shoots also affected average number of roots per shoot, with shoots treated with 10,000 ppm IBA producing twice as many roots as control shoots, and shoots treated with 20,000 ppm IBA producing approximately 5 times as many roots as the control shoots. IBA concentration appeared to have some effect on average root length, with shoots treated with 10,000 and 20,000 ppm IBA producing roots that were approximately four and three times longer, respectively, than control shoots."
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            "text": "Discussion",
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            "text": "Trench layering does show potential as a method of clonally propagating pawpaw on its own roots. Trench layering may be preferable to other layering methods in pawpaw. Trench layering was more successful in this study at rooting more mature pawpaw material than any other method of clonally propagating pawpaw studied to date. One pitfall encountered in this study was that usually in trench layering, a larger number of buds will break and allow a greater number of shoots to root in a smaller area than with other layering methods. However, apical dominance is very strong in pawpaw, causing only the bud at the tip to break and take over as a new ‘leader’. Therefore only"
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            "text": "23",
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