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            "text": "Chapter 2- The Influence of Juvenility and IBA Concentration on Rooting of the North American Pawpaw in a Trench Layering System"
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            "text": "Introduction",
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            "text": "The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a tree fruit native to the eastern and Midwestern areas of the United States (Callaway, 1990; Layne, 1996). The pawpaw is a member of the Annonaceae, or custard apple family, and Asimina is the only temperate genus in this otherwise tropical family. The pawpaw produces large fruit with a custard-like texture and flavor that resembles a blend of mango, banana, and pineapple (Peterson, 1990). Pawpaw grows wild in hardwood forests of 26 states in the eastern United States, usually in river-bottom lands where it grows as an understory tree and often in large patches due to root suckering (Kral 1960; Callaway 1990; Callaway 1993). The trees can reach 5 to 10 meters in size (Dirr, 1990). Pawpaw has shown great potential as a new fruit crop in the southeastern U.S. (Layne, 1996; Pomper and Layne, 2005)."
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            "text": "Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky, is the site of the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) for Asimina species (Pomper et al., 2003). As a USDA repository site, developing clonal propagation techniques is a very important research objective in order to build and maintain a diverse collection of unique plant material. There are many reasons that developing a clonal propagation system of pawpaw on its own roots would be beneficial. Both KSU, as a germplasm repository site, and commercial pawpaw growers, have a need to propagate superior genotypes true to type. In order for the KSU-NCGR to maintain its diverse Asimina collection, it would be advantageous to develop a propagation system to obtain currently grafted germplasm on its own roots. In case of scion dieback due to winter injury or storm damage, self-rooted plants would be more desirable than grafted selections. Due to high variability in seedling root stocks, it would also be desirable to clonally propagate pawpaw varieties on their own roots to reduce tree to tree variability in vigor, and possible other factors, for pawpaw growers."
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            "text": "Pawpaw has proven to be extremely difficult to clonally propagate. Previous studies have examined stem cuttings, root cuttings (Finneseth, 1997), tissue culture (Finneseth et al., 1997), and air layering (KSU, unpublished) as possible clonal propagation techniques, and none have been extremely successful at promoting"
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            "text": "18",
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