{
    "document_id": 15918,
    "page": 14,
    "width_pt": 612,
    "height_pt": 792,
    "rotation": 0,
    "pipeline_version": "paddleocr-vl-1.6+paul-48",
    "engine": "paddleocr_vl",
    "source_run_id": 16030,
    "item_count": 4,
    "counts_by_type": {
        "footer": 1,
        "text": 3
    },
    "build_ms": 1,
    "items": [
        {
            "id": "p14.1",
            "order": 1,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 104.64,
                "t": 718.8,
                "r": 537.84,
                "b": 559.92
            },
            "text": "pawpaw can be somewhat shrubby or lanky, with a rather thin trunk and branches. However, in full sun, the pawpaw is a dense, pyramidal tree. The leaves are dark green with a golden yellow fall color, large, glabrous, entire, and obovate-oblong (Dirr, 1990). The bark is smooth and grey in color. Buds and leaves are alternately arranged. The pawpaw grows best in soils which are moist but well-drained, high in organic matter, and of slightly acidic pH (Lagrange and Tramer, 1985; Bonney, 2002). The pawpaw naturally reproduces predominantly through root suckering and forms groves or patches, which can be quite large (Willson and Schmeske, 1980)."
        },
        {
            "id": "p14.2",
            "order": 2,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 104.88,
                "t": 553.44,
                "r": 539.28,
                "b": 331.68
            },
            "text": "Pawpaw flower buds are dark brown, pubescent, and formed the previous fall on one-year-old wood (Kral, 1960). The flowers are light green upon emergence, but gradually turn maroon in color, with a slightly fetid odor. Flowers are 2-4 cm in diameter, with 3 outer petals, 3 smaller inner petals, and 3 sepals. Flowers open before the leaves have emerged and expanded, approximately mid-April in central Kentucky. The carpels contain one to several ovules, which give rise to single fruit or multi-fruited clusters (Bailey, 1960). There are usually 3 to 7 carpels per flower, and a round mass of many stamens (Lampton, 1957); however, we have counted up to 12 fruit per cluster on a tree in the KSU orchards (per obs). Pawpaw flowers are protogynous, with the stigmatic surface receptive before pollen is shed from the anthers. This is a mechanism which can force outcrossing."
        },
        {
            "id": "p14.3",
            "order": 3,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 104.88,
                "t": 326.64,
                "r": 537.84,
                "b": 83.04
            },
            "text": "In the wild, pawpaw has been found to have very low fruit set (Peterson, 1991), with a variety of factors likely responsible. Native stands of pawpaw may be genetically identical as they spread by root suckers. Since pawpaws are believed to require cross-pollination, if genetically different patches or genotypes are not close enough for cross-pollination, fruit set in isolated patches could be low. Willson and Schemske (1980) examined flowering, pollination, and fruit production in a native Illinois pawpaw patch and found a large number of flowers (up to 500 per stem), but low fruit set, ranging from 0.01% to 1.38%. These authors suggested that the low fruit set may have been due to low light levels as an understory tree and thus a low rate of photosynthesis. They also suggested that pawpaws may be self-incompatible, thus leading to low fruit set in a largely clonal patch. Pawpaws are primarily pollinated by flies and beetles (Faegri and van der Piji, 1971). Lagrange and Tramer (1985) also reported low fruit set in wild"
        },
        {
            "id": "p14.4",
            "order": 4,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 319.68,
                "t": 48.48,
                "r": 328.08,
                "b": 37.68
            },
            "text": "2",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "number"
            }
        }
    ],
    "excluded_furniture": {
        "first": [],
        "last": []
    }
}