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            "text": "students at critical times throughout the semester and to help students develop key skills for academic, personal, and career success."
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            "text": "To effectively facilitate this type of advising, Kentucky State University will move from a decentralized/shared model to a centralized delivery model. Centralized advising allows advisors to build a relationship based on the proactive advising model that begins during the admissions process and continues through graduation. The centralized advising model features an advising team approach that includes two professional advisors and a faculty mentor per student. Each member of the advising team will be responsible for addressing specific factors associated with retention and student success."
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            "text": "These changes are based on recommendations from the National Academic Advising Association, The Global Academic Advising Community (NACADA)."
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            "text": "The Proactive Advising Model",
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            "text": "Selecting an advising model, the student performance outcomes, university academic standing and demographic characteristics are the critical decision-making factors. Past Cohort demographics find that Kentucky State University has a large proportion of students considered vulnerable for not completing due to a myriad of factors (i.e. low-SES, minority, first-generation, out of state and enrolled based the past practice of open-enrollment practice). While the entrance criteria has been fully implemented, Kentucky State University has an obligation to the continuing and enrolled students to ensure their successful completion. Moreover, the University recognizes nurturing and a student-centered foci, as two of its primary qualities with retention as its chief concentration."
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            "text": "Proactive advising (formally known as intrusive advising) edicts for the advisor to initiate contact at key points during the student’s postsecondary education transition (Glennen, 1975; Varney, 2012). This proactive advising model best fits the needs of Kentucky State University at this time for improving the success by providing social, emotional, and academic support before an academic intervention is needed (See Figure 3, ***\"). Also, using a specific advising model allows for effective training, assessment, and evaluation."
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            "text": "Advantages of proactive advising include:"
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                    "text": "increase in retention rates and number of credit hours completed (Bray, 1985; Brophy, 1984; Nichols, 1986);",
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                    "text": "increased gpa demonstrated by students (Schultz, 1989; Spears, 1990)",
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                    "text": "increase in use of study skills, time management strategies, and in classroom attendance (Spears, 1990)",
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