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            "text": "Plant Material and Planting Time",
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            "text": "Use pawpaw seedlings in woodland areas where they can spread by root suckering. Remember that the seedlings are not identical to their parents and fruit quality cannot be guaranteed. Fruit may be of high quality or poor quality. Seedling trees must undergo a period of juvenility; therefore, seedlings will flower 4-8 years after planting. Pawpaw seed can be removed from wild-collected or cultivated fruit, washed in a dilute bleach solution (5%), and be placed in ziplock bags with moist peat moss for storage."
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            "text": "Bags should be kept in the refrigerator for at least three months (stratification), or until planting, to satisfy the seed chilling requirement. Never let pawpaw seed dry out or freeze; this will kill the seed. If sowing into containers, use a peat based potting soil and tall pots to accommodate the strong taproot. The Kentucky Division of Forestry sells seedlings to the public that have been grown from high-quality KYSU pawpaw seed (www.forestry.ky.gov/seedling). Root suckers in native patches usually have poorly developed root systems and are difficult to transplant. In orchards, space trees 8 feet apart within rows and 18 feet between rows to promote pollination. Woodland planted trees should be planted 8 to 100 feet apart to optimize pollination and spread of root suckers."
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            "text": "For fruit production in orchards that adjoin woodland areas, purchase named pawpaw varieties that have been grafted or budded onto seedling rootstock. Grafted or budded trees produce high quality fruit 3 to 5 years after planting. The pawpaw varieties ‘Sunflower’, ‘Overleese’, ‘NC-1’, ‘Wabash’, ‘Shenandoah’, ‘Potomac’, and KSU8-2 are recommended for planting based on Kentucky trials. Root suckers from grafted trees will not be true to the variety and should be removed. Spring planting (April-May) has been more successful in Kentucky than fall planting."
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            "text": "Early Care and Establishment",
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            "text": "Newly planted pawpaw trees do not compete well with grass, weeds, or other plants. Place straw or woodchip mulch at 6-8 inches in depth extending out at least 3 feet from the trunk to control weeds and retain moisture. Water and fertilize the trees, especially during the first 2 years of establishment."
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            "text": "Harvest",
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        {
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            "text": "Depending on the variety, fruit ripen in late-August to early-October. Fruit ripen on the same tree over about a 2-week period, due to an extended spring flowering period. Pawpaw fruit are ripe when they begin to soften and can be gently pulled off a tree like ripe peaches. Fruit can also be cut from the tree at the stem (peduncle) with a pruning shears to reduce tearing of the skin and fruit injury. Fruit has a 5-7 day shelf-life at room temperature and up to 3 weeks in the refrigerator.",
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            "text": "Economics",
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            "text": "In 2009, pawpaw fruit usually sold for $1 each (about $2 per pound) at farmers' markets and up to $3 per pound at specialty groceries in Kentucky. Grafted varieties will come into full production by the 6th year after planting and produce 50-75 pounds of fruit per tree each year. Seedling trees usually have lower yields and fruit quality can be low (e.g., small fruit, bitter aftertaste)."
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            "text": "Learn more:",
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                    "id": "p2.13.1",
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                    "bbox": {
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                    "text": "www.kysu.edu/pawpaw"
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                {
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                    "text": "Seedling order form: www.forestry.ky.gov/seedling"
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                {
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                    "text": "Nurseries list: www.pawpaw.kysu.edu/pawpaw/"
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                {
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                    "text": "Email: sheri.crabtree@kysu.edu"
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        {
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            "text": "KYSU.EDU/AG | @KYSUAG"
        },
        {
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            "text": "Pawpaw trees flower in the spring and fruit in the fall.",
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        {
            "id": "p2.16",
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            "text": "Educational programs of Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of economic or social status and will not discriminate on the basis of race, color, ethnic origin, national origin, creed, religion, political belief, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, marital status, genetic information, age, veteran status, or physical or mental disability. Kentucky State University, University of Kentucky, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Kentucky Counties, Cooperating. 2018 KYSU-CEP-FAC-0007",
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