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                    "text": "On planting day, what should I do?"
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                    "text": "Remove perennial weeds before planting."
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                    "text": "Dig a hole deep enough to accommodate the taproot, usually about 1 foot deep."
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                    "text": "Avoid planting in excessively wet or dry soil. Fill the hole carefully, eliminate air pockets, and water thoroughly after planting.",
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                    "text": "Space trees at least 8 feet apart and rows about 20 feet apart in orchards.",
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            "text": "Should I fertilize my tree?",
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                    "text": "Yes. Apply a water-soluble fertilizer through\nfertigation at 500 ppm once in May, June, and July.",
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                    "text": "Alternatively, apply urea, Nature Safe, [p2.3.2.2]or 10-10-10 at 1 oz of actual nitrogen per tree annually during establishment.",
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                                "label": "ledR, or 10-10-10 at 1 oz of actual nitrogen per tree annua…",
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                            "text": "^{\\circledR}",
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                {
                    "id": "p2.3.3",
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                    "text": "Apply 3–4 oz of actual nitrogen per tree in late winter after the 2nd year as tree matures.",
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            "text": "Can I transplant trees or root suckers?",
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            "bbox": {
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            "text": "",
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            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p2.5.1",
                    "order": 16,
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                    "bbox": {
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                    "text": "Transplanting pawpaws can be difficult because of their deep taproot."
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                {
                    "id": "p2.5.2",
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                    "bbox": {
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                    "text": "Dig as much of the root system as possible and keep the root ball intact."
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                {
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                    "text": "Root suckers often lack sufficient roots to survive on their own, but success may improve if they are partially separated from the mother tree several weeks before transplanting.",
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        {
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            "text": "Do I need to water my trees?",
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            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p2.7.1",
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                    "text": "Water trees immediately after planting."
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                    "text": "Young trees are sensitive to drought and should receive about 1 inch of water per week during the growing season."
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                    "text": "Drip irrigation works well in orchards."
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            "text": "How can I control weeds around my trees?",
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            "text": "",
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            "children": [
                {
                    "id": "p2.9.1",
                    "order": 26,
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                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 29.28,
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                    "text": "Weed control is critical during establishment."
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                {
                    "id": "p2.9.2",
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                    "bbox": {
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                    "text": "Use wood-chip mulch or weed-barrier fabric to suppress weeds and grass around trees.",
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                {
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                    "text": "Glyphosate may also be used according to label directions, but avoid contact with tree bark, stems, root suckers, and leaves.",
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            "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider."
        },
        {
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            "text": "Figure 1. Example of a grow tube or tree shelter and mulch\nAcknowledgments",
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        {
            "id": "p2.13",
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            "bbox": {
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            "text": "We acknowledge funding to support this work from USDA Evans-Allen Project # 7004384, USDA 1890 Cooperative Extension, and 1890 Centers of Excellence CSFRPRES."
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        {
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            "order": 33,
            "type": "heading",
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            "text": "Sources",
            "attrs": {
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            "id": "p2.15",
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            "bbox": {
                "l": 305.76,
                "t": 394.08,
                "r": 558.48,
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            },
            "text": "Layne DR. 1996. The pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal: A new fruit crop for Kentucky and the United States. HortScience. 31:777–784. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.31.5.777"
        },
        {
            "id": "p2.16",
            "order": 35,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 306,
                "t": 351.36,
                "r": 583.2,
                "b": 321.12
            },
            "text": "Pomper KW, Layne DR. 2004. The North American pawpaw: Botany and horticulture. In: Janick J, editor. Horticultural Reviews. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. p. 349–382. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650882.ch7"
        },
        {
            "id": "p2.17",
            "order": 36,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 305.52,
                "t": 308.64,
                "r": 577.2,
                "b": 278.64
            },
            "text": "Pomper KW, Crabtree SB, Layne DR., Peterson RN., Masabni J., Wolfe D. 2008. The Kentucky pawpaw regional variety trial. J. Amer. Pom. Sci. 62:58-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.71318/apom.2008.62.2.58"
        },
        {
            "id": "p2.18",
            "order": 37,
            "type": "figure",
            "bbox": {
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            "text": "",
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        {
            "id": "p2.19",
            "order": 38,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 346.8,
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            "text": "KYSU-CEP-FACT-ANR-2026-008",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "vision_footnote"
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    ],
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