{ "document_id": 14663, "filename": "Planting_Pawpaw_Trees_final_version.pdf", "engine": "paddleocr_vl", "source_run_id": 14773, "generated_at": "2026-11-04T03:39:08+00:00", "page_count": 2, "counts_by_type": { "caption": 1, "figure": 5, "footer": 3, "form_field": 1, "heading": 13, "list": 11, "list_item": 32, "text": 12, "title": 1 }, "timings": { "total_ms": 1718, "structure_ms": 386, "text_layer_ms": 15, "build_ms": 9 }, "pages": [ { "document_id": 14663, "page": 1, "width": 612, "height": 792, "rotation": 0, "pipeline_version": "paddleocr-vl-1.6+paul-48", "width_pt": 612, "height_pt": 792, "engine": "paddleocr_vl", "source_run_id": 14773, "item_count": 41, "counts_by_type": { "figure": 3, "footer": 2, "heading": 8, "list": 6, "list_item": 15, "text": 6, "title": 1 }, "build_ms": 4, "items": [ { "id": "p1.1", "order": 1, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 12.96, "t": 774.48, "r": 577.2, "b": 690.24 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "role": "page_header", "block_label": "header_image", "embedded_text": "COOPERATIVE\nFACT SHEET\nEXTENSION" }, "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.2", "order": 2, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 204.24, "t": 676.56, "r": 487.92, "b": 663.84 }, "text": "Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension Connections", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p1.3", "order": 3, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 0, "t": 659.76, "r": 256.08, "b": 494.4 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "image" }, "reading_order": 2 }, { "id": "p1.4", "order": 4, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 299.04, "t": 633.6, "r": 554.4, "b": 502.32 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "image" }, "children": [ { "id": "p1.4.1", "order": 5, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 300.96, "t": 626.64, "r": 549.84, "b": 601.68 }, "text": "Planting Pawpaw Trees", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.4.2", "order": 6, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 341.52, "t": 576.72, "r": 508.8, "b": 566.16 }, "text": "Kirk Pomper, Ph.D., Professor of Horticulture", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p1.4.3", "order": 7, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 352.56, "t": 567.6, "r": 498.24, "b": 556.56 }, "text": "Kirk.pomper@kysu.edu, 502-597-5942", "reading_order": 2 }, { "id": "p1.4.4", "order": 8, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 300.48, "t": 557.28, "r": 549.12, "b": 545.76 }, "text": "Sheri Crabtree, M.Sc., Horticulture Research and Extension Associate", "reading_order": 3 }, { "id": "p1.4.5", "order": 9, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 348.48, "t": 546, "r": 501.6, "b": 533.76 }, "text": "Sheri.crabtree@kysu.edu, 502-597-6375", "reading_order": 4 } ], "reading_order": 3 }, { "id": "p1.5", "order": 10, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 24, "t": 469.44, "r": 240.48, "b": 451.2 }, "text": "Common Planting Questions", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 4 }, { "id": "p1.6", "order": 11, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 29.76, "t": 444.72, "r": 148.32, "b": 429.84 }, "text": "What is a pawpaw?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 5 }, { "id": "p1.7", "order": 12, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 33.36, "t": 426.3652, "r": 284.16, "b": 313.92 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 3 }, "children": [ { "id": "p1.7.1", "order": 13, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 34.32, "t": 426.3652, "r": 269.76, "b": 379.92 }, "text": "The pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a native tree fruit commonly found in the forest understory in the eastern U.S.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.7.2", "order": 14, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 33.6, "t": 377.7652, "r": 257.52, "b": 362.64 }, "text": "Trees grow well in USDA Hardiness Zones 5–8.", "marker": "•", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p1.7.3", "order": 15, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 33.36, "t": 361.1852, "r": 284.16, "b": 313.92 }, "text": "The ripe fruit has yellow to orange flesh with a tropical flavor often described as a blend of banana, mango, and pineapple.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 2 } ], "reading_order": 6 }, { "id": "p1.8", "order": 16, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 307.2, "r": 248.88, "b": 292.08 }, "text": "Where should I plant pawpaw trees?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 7 }, { "id": "p1.9", "order": 17, "type": "title", "bbox": { "l": 33.12, "t": 287.04, "r": 255.84, "b": 257.76 }, "text": "Pawpaw trees grow best in slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5–7.0).", "level": 2, "reading_order": 8 }, { "id": "p1.10", "order": 18, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 33.12, "t": 255.9452, "r": 264.48, "b": 208.32 }, "text": "They prefer moist, well-drained sites but should not be planted in areas that remain flooded for long periods. Avoid heavy clay soils.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 9 }, { "id": "p1.11", "order": 19, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 201.84, "r": 267.36, "b": 186.24 }, "text": "Should I plant grafted or seedling trees?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 10 }, { "id": "p1.12", "order": 20, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 28.8, "t": 183.20000000000005, "r": 278.88, "b": 98.4 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 2 }, "children": [ { "id": "p1.12.1", "order": 21, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.52, "t": 183.20000000000005, "r": 278.88, "b": 133.68 }, "text": "Seedling trees are less expensive but have unknown fruit quality and may take 5–7 years to flower and fruit due to juvenility.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.12.2", "order": 22, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 28.8, "t": 131.24, "r": 277.44, "b": 98.4 }, "text": "Grafted trees cost more but produce fruit of known quality and often begin bearing in 3–4 years.", "reading_order": 1 } ], "reading_order": 11 }, { "id": "p1.13", "order": 23, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 303.12, "t": 456.72, "r": 576.96, "b": 441.6 }, "text": "Should I plant more than one tree to get fruit?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 12 }, { "id": "p1.14", "order": 24, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 300.96, "t": 438.97, "r": 558.48, "b": 366.96 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 2 }, "children": [ { "id": "p1.14.1", "order": 25, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 301.2, "t": 438.97, "r": 547.2, "b": 410.4 }, "text": "Yes. Pawpaws are generally self-incompatible and require cross-pollination.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.14.2", "order": 26, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 300.96, "t": 408.73, "r": 558.48, "b": 366.96 }, "text": "Plant at least two genetically different trees. Two grafted trees of the same cultivar will not effectively cross-pollinate.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 1 } ], "reading_order": 13 }, { "id": "p1.15", "order": 27, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 303.12, "t": 353.04, "r": 576.72, "b": 338.16 }, "text": "When is the best time to plant pawpaw trees?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 14 }, { "id": "p1.16", "order": 28, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 301.2, "t": 337.79, "r": 593.04, "b": 279.84 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 2 }, "children": [ { "id": "p1.16.1", "order": 29, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 301.2, "t": 337.79, "r": 572.16, "b": 309.12 }, "text": "Dormant trees can be planted in spring (March–April in Kentucky) or fall (early November).", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.16.2", "order": 30, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 301.44, "t": 309.35, "r": 593.04, "b": 279.84 }, "text": "Trees with leaves should be planted after the last frost date, typically in May.", "reading_order": 1 } ], "reading_order": 15 }, { "id": "p1.17", "order": 31, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 306.72, "t": 263.04, "r": 550.8, "b": 248.16 }, "text": "Can pawpaw trees be planted in full sun?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 16 }, { "id": "p1.18", "order": 32, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 306.48, "t": 247.90999999999997, "r": 570.48, "b": 200.16 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 2 }, "children": [ { "id": "p1.18.1", "order": 33, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 306.48, "t": 247.90999999999997, "r": 564.96, "b": 232.08 }, "text": "Young trees establish best in light to moderate shade.", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.18.2", "order": 34, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 306.96, "t": 230.99, "r": 570.48, "b": 200.16 }, "text": "Mature trees produce the most fruit in full sun. Heavily shaded trees will produce few fruit.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 1 } ], "reading_order": 17 }, { "id": "p1.19", "order": 35, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 306.48, "t": 179.52, "r": 547.44, "b": 165.12 }, "text": "Should I use a tree shelter or grow tube?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 18 }, { "id": "p1.20", "order": 36, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 306.48, "t": 164, "r": 595.44, "b": 83.28 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 3 }, "children": [ { "id": "p1.20.1", "order": 37, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 306.96, "t": 164, "r": 519.36, "b": 148.8 }, "text": "Yes, especially for trees less than 2 feet tall.", "marker": "•", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p1.20.2", "order": 38, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 306.96, "t": 147.08000000000004, "r": 582.48, "b": 101.28 }, "text": "Tree shelters provide shade, reduce wind stress, conserve moisture, and protect trees from animals and herbicides (Fig. 1).", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p1.20.3", "order": 39, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 306.48, "t": 99.44399999999996, "r": 595.44, "b": 83.28 }, "text": "They can significantly improve survival during establishment.", "marker": "•", "reading_order": 2 } ], "reading_order": 19 }, { "id": "p1.21", "order": 40, "type": "footer", "bbox": { "l": 16.32, "t": 48.96, "r": 282.96, "b": 35.76 }, "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider.", "attrs": { "block_label": "footer" }, "reading_order": 20 }, { "id": "p1.22", "order": 41, "type": "footer", "bbox": { "l": 346.56, "t": 48.72, "r": 487.44, "b": 36.72 }, "text": "KYSU-CEP-FACT-ANR-2026-008", "attrs": { "block_label": "footer" }, "reading_order": 21 } ] }, { "document_id": 14663, "page": 2, "width": 612, "height": 792, "rotation": 0, "pipeline_version": "paddleocr-vl-1.6+paul-48", "width_pt": 612, "height_pt": 792, "engine": "paddleocr_vl", "source_run_id": 14773, "item_count": 38, "counts_by_type": { "caption": 1, "figure": 2, "footer": 1, "form_field": 1, "heading": 5, "list": 5, "list_item": 17, "text": 6 }, "build_ms": 5, "items": [ { "id": "p2.1", "order": 1, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 29.28, "t": 775.2, "r": 274.56, "b": 630.24 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 5 }, "children": [ { "id": "p2.1.1", "order": 2, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.28, "t": 775.2, "r": 235.68, "b": 759.84 }, "text": "On planting day, what should I do?", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p2.1.2", "order": 3, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.52, "t": 759.54, "r": 233.52, "b": 743.52 }, "text": "Remove perennial weeds before planting.", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p2.1.3", "order": 4, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.76, "t": 742.38, "r": 247.92, "b": 711.12 }, "text": "Dig a hole deep enough to accommodate the taproot, usually about 1 foot deep.", "reading_order": 2 }, { "id": "p2.1.4", "order": 5, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30.24, "t": 709.6, "r": 274.56, "b": 663.12 }, "text": "Avoid planting in excessively wet or dry soil. Fill the hole carefully, eliminate air pockets, and water thoroughly after planting.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 3 }, { "id": "p2.1.5", "order": 6, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30.24, "t": 661.36, "r": 273.84, "b": 630.24 }, "text": "Space trees at least 8 feet apart and rows about 20 feet apart in orchards.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 4 } ], "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p2.2", "order": 7, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 30.72, "t": 600.96, "r": 184.08, "b": 586.32 }, "text": "Should I fertilize my tree?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p2.3", "order": 8, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 583.2, "r": 275.76, "b": 474.24 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 3 }, "children": [ { "id": "p2.3.1", "order": 9, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 583.2, "r": 272.16, "b": 554.64 }, "text": "Yes. Apply a water-soluble fertilizer through\nfertigation at 500 ppm once in May, June, and July.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p2.3.2", "order": 10, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30.24, "t": 553.36, "r": 275.76, "b": 507.36 }, "text": "Alternatively, apply urea, Nature Safe, [p2.3.2.2]or 10-10-10 at 1 oz of actual nitrogen per tree annually during establishment.", "marker": "-", "children": [ { "id": "p2.3.2.1", "order": 11, "type": "form_field", "bbox": { "l": 110.13, "t": 553.36, "r": 122.13, "b": 541.36 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "field_kind": "radio", "label": "ledR, or 10-10-10 at 1 oz of actual nitrogen per tree annua…", "source": "glyph_estimate", "bbox_estimated": true, "text_offset": 14, "text_span": 0 }, "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p2.3.2.2", "order": 12, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 30.24, "t": 553.36, "r": 275.76, "b": 507.36 }, "text": "^{\\circledR}", "attrs": { "inline": true, "text_offset": 40, "text_span": 10, "bbox_estimated": true }, "reading_order": 1 } ], "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p2.3.3", "order": 13, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 505.81, "r": 254.16, "b": 474.24 }, "text": "Apply 3–4 oz of actual nitrogen per tree in late winter after the 2nd year as tree matures.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 2 } ], "reading_order": 2 }, { "id": "p2.4", "order": 14, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 29.52, "t": 450, "r": 254.16, "b": 435.36 }, "text": "Can I transplant trees or root suckers?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 3 }, { "id": "p2.5", "order": 15, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 434.77, "r": 279.84, "b": 308.4 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 3 }, "children": [ { "id": "p2.5.1", "order": 16, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 434.77, "r": 273.6, "b": 404.16 }, "text": "Transplanting pawpaws can be difficult because of their deep taproot.", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p2.5.2", "order": 17, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30, "t": 402.49, "r": 278.64, "b": 371.76 }, "text": "Dig as much of the root system as possible and keep the root ball intact.", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p2.5.3", "order": 18, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 30.48, "t": 370.19, "r": 279.84, "b": 308.4 }, "text": "Root suckers often lack sufficient roots to survive on their own, but success may improve if they are partially separated from the mother tree several weeks before transplanting.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 2 } ], "reading_order": 4 }, { "id": "p2.6", "order": 19, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 29.04, "t": 283.68, "r": 201.6, "b": 269.28 }, "text": "Do I need to water my trees?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 5 }, { "id": "p2.7", "order": 20, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 29.28, "t": 266.63, "r": 273.6, "b": 189.12 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 3 }, "children": [ { "id": "p2.7.1", "order": 21, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.28, "t": 266.63, "r": 227.28, "b": 250.8 }, "text": "Water trees immediately after planting.", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p2.7.2", "order": 22, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.76, "t": 249.95000000000005, "r": 273.6, "b": 205.92 }, "text": "Young trees are sensitive to drought and should receive about 1 inch of water per week during the growing season.", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p2.7.3", "order": 23, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.28, "t": 204.95000000000005, "r": 218.16, "b": 189.12 }, "text": "Drip irrigation works well in orchards.", "reading_order": 2 } ], "reading_order": 6 }, { "id": "p2.8", "order": 24, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 29.04, "t": 166.56, "r": 280.56, "b": 152.4 }, "text": "How can I control weeds around my trees?", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 7 }, { "id": "p2.9", "order": 25, "type": "list", "bbox": { "l": 29.28, "t": 149.36, "r": 258.48, "b": 58.08 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "item_count": 3 }, "children": [ { "id": "p2.9.1", "order": 26, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.28, "t": 149.36, "r": 248.4, "b": 134.16 }, "text": "Weed control is critical during establishment.", "reading_order": 0 }, { "id": "p2.9.2", "order": 27, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.76, "t": 132.67999999999995, "r": 256.08, "b": 103.2 }, "text": "Use wood-chip mulch or weed-barrier fabric to suppress weeds and grass around trees.", "marker": "-", "reading_order": 1 }, { "id": "p2.9.3", "order": 28, "type": "list_item", "bbox": { "l": 29.76, "t": 101.84400000000005, "r": 258.48, "b": 58.08 }, "text": "Glyphosate may also be used according to label directions, but avoid contact with tree bark, stems, root suckers, and leaves.", "marker": "•", "reading_order": 2 } ], "reading_order": 8 }, { "id": "p2.10", "order": 29, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 16.8, "t": 48.96, "r": 282.48, "b": 35.28 }, "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider.", "reading_order": 9 }, { "id": "p2.11", "order": 30, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 319.68, "t": 788.88, "r": 557.76, "b": 536.16 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "image" }, "reading_order": 10 }, { "id": "p2.12", "order": 31, "type": "caption", "bbox": { "l": 306, "t": 522.48, "r": 574.56, "b": 485.04 }, "text": "Figure 1. Example of a grow tube or tree shelter and mulch\nAcknowledgments", "attrs": { "block_label": "figure_title" }, "reading_order": 11 }, { "id": "p2.13", "order": 32, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 305.28, "t": 471.36, "r": 588.72, "b": 431.04 }, "text": "We acknowledge funding to support this work from USDA Evans-Allen Project # 7004384, USDA 1890 Cooperative Extension, and 1890 Centers of Excellence CSFRPRES.", "reading_order": 12 }, { "id": "p2.14", "order": 33, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 306, "t": 421.44, "r": 354, "b": 408.48 }, "text": "Sources", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3, "reading_order": 13 }, { "id": "p2.15", "order": 34, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 305.76, "t": 394.08, "r": 558.48, "b": 364.08 }, "text": "Layne DR. 1996. The pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal: A new fruit crop for Kentucky and the United States. HortScience. 31:777–784. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.31.5.777", "reading_order": 14 }, { "id": "p2.16", "order": 35, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 306, "t": 351.36, "r": 583.2, "b": 321.12 }, "text": "Pomper KW, Layne DR. 2004. The North American pawpaw: Botany and horticulture. In: Janick J, editor. Horticultural Reviews. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. p. 349–382. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650882.ch7", "reading_order": 15 }, { "id": "p2.17", "order": 36, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 305.52, "t": 308.64, "r": 577.2, "b": 278.64 }, "text": "Pomper KW, Crabtree SB, Layne DR., Peterson RN., Masabni J., Wolfe D. 2008. The Kentucky pawpaw regional variety trial. J. Amer. Pom. Sci. 62:58-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.71318/apom.2008.62.2.58", "reading_order": 16 }, { "id": "p2.18", "order": 37, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 341.04, "t": 267.6, "r": 516, "b": 55.68 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "image" }, "reading_order": 17 }, { "id": "p2.19", "order": 38, "type": "footer", "bbox": { "l": 346.8, "t": 48.96, "r": 487.44, "b": 36.96 }, "text": "KYSU-CEP-FACT-ANR-2026-008", "attrs": { "block_label": "vision_footnote" }, "reading_order": 18 } ] } ] }