{
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                "embedded_text": "Passion for\nPAWPAW\nKentucky State continues its decades-long focus\non pawpaw research"
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            "text": "S o much about Kentucky's native fruit, from its taste to the fervent support of those who grow and love it, is unique."
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            "text": "“It’s a pawpaw thing,” said Jeremy Lowe, a Kentucky State University horticulture research associate, about how the tropical-adjacent fruit grows in a place like Kentucky. “They are kind of unusual.”"
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            "text": "Asimina triloba has been an important part of Kentucky State University's Land Grant Program for decades. In 1992, the first pawpaw orchard was planted at Kentucky State's Harold R. Benson Research and Demonstration Farm; most of the seeds came from pawpaw entries at the Kentucky State Fair. Since 1994, Kentucky State has served as the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository, or gene bank. Kentucky State is home to more than 2,000 pawpaw trees from 17 states."
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            "text": "entries at the Kentucky State Fair. Since 1994, Kentucky State has served as the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository, or gene bank. Kentucky State is home to more than 2,000 pawpaw trees from 17 states."
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            "text": "In 1998, now dean of the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences and director of the Land Grant Program Dr. Kirk Pomper was hired at Kentucky State University, specifically to work with pawpaws. As a graduate student at Oregon State University, he had tasted pawpaw for the first time."
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            "text": "“I thought it was a very unique fruit that had potential to become more popular, therefore I was excited to come to KSU and work on pawpaw,” Dr. Pomper said."
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            "text": "to KSU and work on pawpaw,\" Dr. Pomper said."
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            "text": "Kentucky State had always focused on sustainable agriculture and unique niche crops that might be options for small, limited-resource farmers. Because pawpaw is native to Kentucky, researchers knew that it would grow well in Kentucky. And because it was a unique crop, it could have high value. Pawpaw's rise in popularity also paired well with the decline of tobacco, when farmers were looking for new crops to grow."
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            "text": "Following Dr. Pomper’s arrival, the focus shifted from just genetic diversity to include applied horticulture research."
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            "text": "The first pawpaw variety trial was\nplanted in 1998."
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            "text": "“That was when it started to take off and we started doing more,” said Sheri Crabtree, horticulture research and Extension associate."
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            "text": "Kentucky State’s research has ranged from determining when the best time is to plant pawpaws (March and November did fine, while trees planted in June suffered) to what types of grafting techniques work with pawpaw (T-budding doesn’t work well, according to one graduate student’s research) to treatments on how to control fungal disease (students are still working on what preventative measures might work best).\n\nOne of Kentucky State’s main pawpaw focuses continues to be “breeding new improved varieties and conducting variety trials to see how those varieties perform here,” Crabtree said."
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            "text": "Developing a new variety is about a 15-year process. The first step is choosing parents that have the desired characteristics, then planting their offspring. The seedling will take seven or eight years to produce fruit, which researchers will study for several growing seasons. Then, if the fruit looks good so far, researchers will graft multiple plants to have replicated variety trials, which then take three or four years to produce fruit. After at least three years of data on that fruit, researchers may be able to reach their conclusion about the variety."
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            "text": "\"It's a long-term thing,\" Crabtree said.",
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            "text": "Kentucky State has released three cultivars; the first, KSU-Atwood[p18.17.1], was released in 2006 and was named after Rufus B. Atwood, longtime president of Kentucky State. KSU-Benson[p18.17.2] was released next, named for former Kentucky State University Land Grant Program director Harold R. Benson. Kentucky State most recently released KSU-Chappell[p18.17.3] in 2018, named after Dr. Lucy Lang Chappell, a Kentucky State graduate, and her late husband Roy Chappell, a Tuskegee airman. Kentucky State celebrated by establishing the third Thursday of every September as National Pawpaw Day.",
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            "text": "Grant Program director Harold R. Benson. Kentucky State most recently released KSU-Chappell[p18.18.1] in 2018, named after Dr. Lucy Lang Chappell, a Kentucky State graduate, and her late husband Roy Chappell, a Tuskegee airman. Kentucky State celebrated by establishing the third Thursday of every September as National Pawpaw Day.",
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            "text": "“We have released three excellent named cultivars of pawpaw,” Dr. Pomper said. “It was exciting to develop and release these improved pawpaw varieties to the public to grow.”"
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            "text": "Kentucky State researchers have crossed\n“some of the best pawpaw cultivars,”\nDr. Pomper said, and have planted the\nresulting seedlings."
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            "text": "“I am very excited to be testing the fruit produced by these seedlings’ trees over the next several years and hopefully we will be selecting another cultivar release from these seedlings in the next few years,” Dr. Pomper said. Crabtree said there are some “that look really good.”"
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            "text": "Pawpaw is one of Kentucky State's greatest claims to fame, and the fruit"
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            "text": "OPPOSITE: Pawpaw fruit grows in the Highland Orchard at the Harold R. Benson Research and Demonstration Farm in Frankfort on June 4, 2019. ABOVE LEFT: Kentucky State graduate research assistant Anju Chaudhary manually pollinates select pawpaw flowers as part of her graduate research project at the Harold R. Benson Research and Demonstration Farm in Frankfort on April 11, 2020. ABOVE RIGHT: Anju Chaudhary records data from a project measuring the chill period necessary for pawpaw to bud out at the Atwood Research Facility in Frankfort on March 19, 2021. | Photos by Jonathan Palmer",
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