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            "text": "Noise: Heart Disease",
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            "text": "Association between transportation noise and heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                    "text": "Study characteristics",
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                    "text": "87% studies of\nwithin Europe"
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                    "text": "5 noise exposure assignment categories"
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                    "text": "83% Mixed sex studies\n70% adjusted for air pollutants"
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                    "text": "Potential confounding variables"
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                    "text": "Exposure assignment"
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                    "text": "• Heart disease: ICD-10: I20-I25, I48, I50\n• Incidence, mortality or prevalence\n• Transport noise sources: road, rail & air traffic\n53 studies: 85% road, 23% rail, 30% air"
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                    "text": "Conclusion: road and aircraft noise are associated with increased incidence of heart disease. All transport sources are associated with increased heart disease mortality. Risk of heart disease begins at lower exposure levels than previously reported."
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                    "text": "Mortality",
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            "text": "Risk per 10 dB increase in [p24.5.1]",
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                    "text": "L_{den}",
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            "text": "(Minkin, et al., 2025)",
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