{
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            "text": "spacing of plants)\" (Medvecky 2006). Some research suggests that the yield advantage associated with mixed planting is most pronounced under resource-limiting conditions, such as low moisture availability (Rao and Willey 1980, Natarajan and Willey 1986)."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.2",
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            "text": "Nonetheless, BIA is promoted as an integrated package, based on an expectation of synergism between system components.\n\nJeavons (2006) warns of possible soil depletion if some components are excluded from BIA systems. In emphasizing the need for cropping systems research recognizing the potential for synergism, Drinkwater (2002) calls for both whole-system comparisons and factorial experiments to address mechanistic hypotheses. While there is certainly a need for studies comparing BIA systems to other vegetable production systems, factorial studies are also necessary to determine which components of BIA systems are beneficial under a variety of sites and environments."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.3",
            "order": 3,
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            "text": "This study was conducted to compare BIA beds dedicated to pure stands to BIA beds growing popularly recommended mixtures (tomato and basil; Brussels sprout and basil), or a popularly discouraged mixture (tomato and Brussels sprout)."
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            "order": 4,
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            "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS",
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            "text": "Tomato (L. esculentum cv. 'WV-63'), basil (O. basilicum cv. 'Nufar') and Brussels sprout (B. oleracea var. gemmifera cv. 'Long Island') were grown in pure stands and as two-crop mixtures using BIA practices in 2001 and 2002."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.6",
            "order": 6,
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            "text": "Site preparation. Four replicated BIA gardens (61 m²) of six beds were prepared on a south-facing slope (<4 % grade) on land in transition to organic production (West Virginia University Horticulture Farm, Morgantown WV, certified by Ohio Ecological Food and Farming Association, 2003). Soils were clay loams in the Dormont and Guernsey series that had grown mixed soil for several years before the study. Compost made from dairy manure and leaf much was applied in May of both years at 30 t ha⁻¹ fresh weight (120, 78 and 140 kg ha⁻¹ N, P and K, respectively, based on compost analysis) and incorporated by ‘double digging’ with a spading fork to a depth of 0.4 m (Jeavons 2006). Gardens were seeded to hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) following the final harvest in October 2001. The cover crop was killed by mowing before compost application in 2002."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.7",
            "order": 7,
            "type": "text",
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            "text": "Treatments. One of six treatments was randomly assigned to each bed in each garden (Table 1): Pure stand beds contained basil (BAS), Brussels sprout (SPT), or tomato (TOM); mixed beds contained tomato and basil (T&B), tomato and Brussels sprout (T&S), or Brussels sprout and basil (S&B). Thirty-five greenhouse-grown plants were transplanted by hand into each bed, in five offset rows of seven (Figure 1). Plant seeding, transplant, and harvest dates are shown in Figure 2. Interplant spacing was constant within and between rows. Interplant spacing in mixed plantings was the mean of component monoculture spacing (Table 1, after Jeavons 2006). The primary species, defined as the crop with the greater interplant spacing in monoculture, was every other plant in the first, third, and fifth rows of mixed beds (12 plants per bed); the secondary species was grown in the remaining spaces (23"
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            "text": "3",
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