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                    "text": "Pros",
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                    "text": "Price",
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                    "text": "Wireless sensors",
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                    "text": "Environmental and business benefits across the crop life cycle: growth, harvest, transportation and storage\\nWireless sensors deliver real-time, actionable information to help agriculture professionals increase yields and crop quality whilst reducing inputs\\nReduce trips to the field\\nNo need to data logger",
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                    "text": "Some farmers either do not have access to smartphones or do not want to use them for soil moisture monitoring",
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                    "text": "$400 - $450 per sensor\\n$80 - $100 for data services",
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            "text": "SMS installation",
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            "text": "We should install stationary SMS either horizontally (by digging a hole) or vertically (by using an auger) between crops within a crop row at their certain depths. It is recommended to install SMS at different depths and locations in the farm. The best layout is to place SMS in pairs at 1/3 and 2/3 the root depth and at least at two extra locations in the field (Sharma, 2019). Table 4 represents the maximum root depth for different plants."
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            "text": "It is also recommended to flag the SMS in order to help operators/labors see where they are. It can help them to prevent damage to SMS. Some farms contain more than one soil texture. In those farms, it is recommended that each soil texture be equipped with SMS and managed separately for irrigation. The best way to accurately identify soil properties is to have several soil samples and test them in soil laboratories. Nevertheless, some farmers are not interested in spending money for soil sampling. Another option is using Web Soil Survey produced by USDA (https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/)."
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            "text": "Figure 1 illustrates an example of using Web Soil Survey to identify soil properties for a field located in Hardin and Larue Counties in Kentucky. The first step is to define the area of interest (AOI) using a polygon icon (Figure 1a). After separating the field, the next step is using Soil Map to identify soil texture (Figure 1b). As can be seen, soil texture for 41.3% of the area is loam and the rest is three different types of silt loam (i.e., Gatton, Newark, and Sonora). As we discussed in this fact sheet, loam and silt loam are the best soils for agriculture with respect to their highest PAW compared to the other types of soil texture. Finally, in Figure 1c we can check soil salinity by using Soil Chemical Properties, which show no salinity for the selected field. In Figure 1, since neither soil salinity nor heavy soil texture is a limitation, all SMS (Table 2) will work accurately in the selected field. If our soil was saline and/or we had a heavy soil texture (i.e., clay loam, silty clay, and clay based on Table 1), we would not use those SMS that are sensitive to salinity and/or heavy soil texture (Table 3). For more information about how to use Soil Web Survey, this link will be helpful, particularly for beginners who have less experience working with datasets: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/Help/WSS_HomePage_HowTo_3_0.pdf"
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            "text": "In Figure 1, since neither soil salinity nor heavy soil texture is a limitation, all SMS (Table 2) will work accurately in the selected field. If our soil was saline and/or we had a heavy soil texture (i.e., clay loam, silty clay, and clay based on Table 1), we would not use those SMS that are sensitive to salinity and/or heavy soil texture (Table 3). For more information about how to use Soil Web Survey, this link will be helpful, particularly for beginners who have less experience working with datasets: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/Help/WSS_HomePage_HowTo_3_0.pdf"
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