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            "text": "A modified hive entrance with a 0.75-inch PVC pipe to reduce colony invasion by adult beetles produced mixed results. There were reported problems with brood production and temperature regulation with the reduced entrance opening (Ellis et al. 2002). Therefore, this is not recommended to manage SHB."
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            "text": "Mechanical control: Many beekeepers propose mechanical control of SHB by exterminating each beetle manually on sight with a hive tool (Hood 2004)."
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            "text": "Chemical control: Beekeepers who use chemical treatments for SHB control are required by law to follow the insecticide labels. Incorrect application may negatively impact the colony and contaminate the honey harvest."
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            "text": "Fig. 8. Damage by the small hive beetle. ‘Slime’ is visible on right side of comb. Keith Delaplane, University of Georgia, Bugwood. org",
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            "text": "Once established, SHB can be chemically treated inside or outside the hive. Currently, the only registered product for SHB control in the hive is the Checkmite Bee Mite Strip (Bayer HealthCare AG, Germany) containing the organophosphate coumaphos, which is applied in strips within the colony. Resistance to coumaphos and fluvalinate has been reported in some SHB populations in Florida (Kanga et al. 2021). Outside the hive, GardStar[p4.7.3] (Y-Tex; Cody, WI) is approved as a soil drench to control the larvae and pupae in the soil. The main ingredient in GardStar[p4.7.4] is the pyrethroid permethrin.",
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            "text": "Fig. 9. Wax moth larva mortality caused by entomopathic nematodes. Entomopathic nematodes will also infect small hive beetle. Peggy Greb, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org",
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            "text": "Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a relatively benign substance used to help control SHB. DE causes mortality through disruption of the waxy epicuticle layer of the beetle, resulting in dehydration. The addition of DE to traps placed under or throughout the hive will result in mortality to the adult beetles (Buchholz et al. 2009, Cribb et al. 2012)."
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            "text": "Some chemicals applied for a particular pest of honey bee hives may also help control other pests. For example, treatments for SHB may also help control wax months in stored equipment. Additionally, some treatments for Varroa mite will also work against hive beetles (Roth et al. 2019)"
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            "text": "Biological control: Entomopathic nematodes, primarily the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), have successfully infected and controlled the larva and pupa in the soil outside the hives (Sanches et al. 2021) (Fig. 9). Entomopathic nematodes can be purchased online and applied to damp soil around the hive."
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            "text": "Fig. 7. Small hive beetle larvae with slime in honey bee comb. James D. Ellis, University of Florida, Bugwood.org",
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