{ "document_id": 13127, "page": 3, "width_pt": 612, "height_pt": 792, "rotation": 0, "pipeline_version": "paddleocr-vl-1.6+paul-48", "engine": "paddleocr_vl", "source_run_id": 13238, "item_count": 14, "counts_by_type": { "caption": 1, "figure": 2, "footnote": 2, "heading": 1, "text": 8 }, "build_ms": 2, "items": [ { "id": "p3.1", "order": 1, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 32.64, "t": 758.16, "r": 298.8, "b": 727.44 }, "text": "appear slimy and fermented. They can also be detected by searching the surrounding soil for pupae." }, { "id": "p3.2", "order": 2, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 34.08, "t": 713.04, "r": 114.72, "b": 697.44 }, "text": "Management", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3 }, { "id": "p3.3", "order": 3, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 33.36, "t": 683.28, "r": 297.6, "b": 610.56 }, "text": "The best way to defend against SHB is to have strong, clean colonies. There is currently no defined economic injury level for SHB. The beekeeper should monitor beetle activity and estimate the level of infestation to make control decisions." }, { "id": "p3.4", "order": 4, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 32.88, "t": 597.6, "r": 297.12, "b": 437.28 }, "text": "Honey bees will attack adult SHB, causing the beetles to hide in cracks to avoid the attack. The adult beetles may congregate in crevices that are usually in the darker and cooler parts of the hive. When bees try to attack the beetles, the beetles tuck their legs and antennae close to their bodies to protect them from chewing. The bees can also use propolis to encapsulate the beetles in a small area in the hive. Interestingly, beetles can trick bees into feeding them by rubbing the mouthparts of the bee with their antenna while encapsulated (Ellis et al. 2002)." }, { "id": "p3.5", "order": 5, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 36.24, "t": 426.72, "r": 299.04, "b": 237.36 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "image" } }, { "id": "p3.6", "order": 6, "type": "caption", "bbox": { "l": 34.8, "t": 233.76, "r": 270.96, "b": 221.04 }, "text": "Fig. 5. Small hive beetle adult. Mandy Frake, Bugwood.org", "attrs": { "block_label": "figure_title" } }, { "id": "p3.7", "order": 7, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 33.12, "t": 208.8, "r": 301.68, "b": 63.12 }, "text": "Cultural control: Along with strong colonies, breeding bees for hygienic behavior can reduce beetle populations. In addition, beekeepers can remove excess burr comb and condense the bee population to the fewest possible hive bodies. The addition of too many hive bodies increases the area that bees must patrol so that the beetle may hide unnoticed (Hood 2000). Hive beetles prefer areas that are high in humidity with shade, so placing hives in sunny locations will help reduce populations (Hood 2004). Hive" }, { "id": "p3.8", "order": 8, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 33.36, "t": 49.92, "r": 272.16, "b": 35.52 }, "text": "beetles can survive and reproduce in rotting fruit (Eischen et al. 1999). Keeping the apiary clear of additional beetle breeding areas is important for control and management." }, { "id": "p3.9", "order": 9, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 309.6, "t": 758.4, "r": 545.04, "b": 714.72 }, "text": "(Eischen et al. 1999). Keeping the apiary clear of additional beetle breeding areas is important for control and management." }, { "id": "p3.10", "order": 10, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 311.52, "t": 704.88, "r": 575.52, "b": 533.52 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "image" } }, { "id": "p3.11", "order": 11, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 308.88, "t": 498.48, "r": 575.52, "b": 180.24 }, "text": "Trapping: There are several different types of traps available for purchase to control SHB. The three most widely used traps include the Better Beetle Blaster (Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, Illinois, United States), screened bottom boards, and insecticide-baited beetle traps. The beetle blaster is a plastic trap that is positioned between the frames and filled with apple cider vinegar and vegetable or mineral oil. The vinegar acts as an attractant, while the oil will smother the beetles that fall into the trap (Hood 2004). The screened bottom board trap is placed at the bottom of the hive with a screen that is large enough for beetles, but not bees, to fall through. This trap can be made by a beekeeper by using an aluminum pan filled with oil or a sticky substance below the screen that prohibits the beetles from crawling back up into the hive after they fall. This trap also helps reduce varroa mite numbers and other pests that fall from the hive. Bait traps contain an attractive bait with an insecticide, such as borax laced with honey or sugar, for the beetles to eat. These traps are usually 10 mm in width with a small opening so only the beetles can enter." }, { "id": "p3.12", "order": 12, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 308.64, "t": 168, "r": 570, "b": 51.84 }, "text": "Some beekeepers have reported success in controlling SHB populations by placing strips of Swiffer floor cleaning pads (Proctor and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH) or dryer sheets in their hives. The beetles get stuck on the floor pads while most bees escape. However, a search of the scientific literature shows that this has not been scientifically proven through experimental research." }, { "id": "p3.13", "order": 13, "type": "footnote", "bbox": { "l": 213.6, "t": 252.48, "r": 299.04, "b": 236.4 }, "text": "USDA\nHoney Bee Lab\nUGA5140037", "attrs": { "block_label": "vision_footnote" } }, { "id": "p3.14", "order": 14, "type": "footnote", "bbox": { "l": 310.56, "t": 530.88, "r": 566.16, "b": 507.12 }, "text": "Fig. 6. Adult small hive beetles and honey bees on comb. Jessica Louque, Smithers Viscient, Bugwood.org", "attrs": { "block_label": "vision_footnote" } } ], "excluded_furniture": { "first": [], "last": [] } }