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                "embedded_text": "INFO SHEET\nCOOPERATIVE\nEXTENSION"
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            "text": "Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension Connections",
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            "text": "West Nile Virus"
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            "text": "Ainsley Yuknis, Research Assistant"
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            "text": "Katherine Kamminga, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Entomology"
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            "text": "West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that primarily spreads during the summer months. While most infections show no symptoms, the virus can lead to severe neurological health issues, including encephalitis, in both humans and horses."
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            "text": "Transmission Cycle",
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            "text": "WNV does not spread directly from person to person, but by a specific biological cycle:"
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                    "text": "Reservoirs: Birds act as the primary \"reservoir\" for the virus.",
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                    "text": "Vectors: Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds, then transmit the virus to other animals through bites.",
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                    "text": "Dead-End Hosts: Humans and horses can contract the virus, but they do not develop high enough viral levels to pass it to other humans, animals, or back to mosquitoes.",
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                    "text": "Rare Cases: Transmission can occur through blood transfusions or organ transplants, though this is rare.",
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            "text": "Humans and horses can catch West Nile, but they cannot transmit it",
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            "text": "Symptoms and Severity",
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                    "text": "Impact Level\nAsymptomatic",
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                    "text": "Frequency\n80%",
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                    "text": "Encephalomyelitis: Inflammation of the brain with loss of coordination (ataxia), teeth grinding, muscle spasms, or blindness.",
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            "text": "Rainy and warm weather increases mosquito populations and infection risks. There is no vaccine or specific treatment for humans; prevention is the only defense."
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            "text": "Action Steps:",
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                    "text": "Eliminate Mosquito Habitat: Empty troughs, puddles, and old tires that collect rain water.",
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            "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider.",
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