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            "text": "Example of erosion estimation on a harvest site using the USLE-Forest method",
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                    "text": "Untilled Area\nCP Subfactors for minimal disturbance\na. Bare soil and fine roots = 0.036",
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                    "text": "Tilled Area\nCP Subfactors for disturbed soils (roads)\na. Bare soil, residual binding, and soil reconsolidation = 0.045",
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                    "text": "b. Canopy = 0.58\nc. Steps = 0.93\nd. Onsite storage = 0.8\ne. High organic matter content = 0.7\nf. Contour tillage = 1",
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                    "text": "b. Canopy = 0.58\nc. Steps = 0.93\nd. Onsite storage = 0.8\ne. Invading vegetation = 0.87",
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                    "text": "Total CP for untilled = 0.011",
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                    "text": "Total CP for tilled = 0.017",
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            "text": "Estimated soil erosion for untilled soil =[p3.3.1] tons/acre/year.",
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                    "text": "Estimated soil erosion for untilled soil = 200 × 0.17 × 0.379 × 0.011 = 0.142 tons/acre/year.",
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                        "latex": "\\text{Estimated soil erosion for untilled soil} = 200 \\times 0.17 \\times 0.379 \\times 0.011 = 0.142 \\text{ tons/acre/year.}",
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                        "alt": "Estimated soil erosion for untilled soil equals 200 times 0.17 times 0.379 times 0.011 equals 0.142 tons over acre over year.",
                        "mathml": "<math aria-label=\"Estimated soil erosion for untilled soil equals 200 times 0.17 times 0.379 times 0.011 equals 0.142 tons over acre over year.\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mrow><mtext>Estimated&#x000A0;soil&#x000A0;erosion&#x000A0;for&#x000A0;untilled&#x000A0;soil</mtext><mo>&#x0003D;</mo><mn>200</mn><mo>&#x000D7;</mo><mn>0.17</mn><mo>&#x000D7;</mo><mn>0.379</mn><mo>&#x000D7;</mo><mn>0.011</mn><mo>&#x0003D;</mo><mn>0.142</mn><mtext>&#x000A0;tons/acre/year.</mtext></mrow></math>"
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            "text": "Estimated soil erosion for tilled soil =[p3.4.1] tons/acre/year.",
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                    "text": "Estimated soil erosion for tilled soil = 200 × 0.17 × 0.379 × 0.017 = 0.22 tons/acre/year.",
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                        "latex": "\\text{Estimated soil erosion for tilled soil } =200 \\times 0.17 \\times 0.379 \\times 0.017 = 0.22 \\text{ tons/acre/year.}",
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                        "alt": "Estimated soil erosion for tilled soil equals 200 times 0.17 times 0.379 times 0.017 equals 0.22 tons over acre over year.",
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            "text": "Conclusion and Key Takeaways",
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            "text": "In this example, the tilled area had about 55% higher soil loss than the untilled area. This example shows how soil disturbance can increase erosion risk. Areas with heavy disturbance, such as roads, skid trails, and locations where topsoil has been removed, are especially vulnerable and should be carefully managed to reduce additional soil loss."
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            "bbox": {
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            "text": "removed, are especially vulnerable and should be carefully managed to reduce additional soil loss."
        },
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        {
            "id": "p3.9",
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            "text": "Estimating and addressing soil erosion is a vital part of long-term forest soil management. With a clear understanding of erosion rates on a harvest site, effective steps can be taken to reduce soil loss. Implementing appropriate management strategies is essential to mitigate risks and protect soil health, water quality, and surrounding ecosystems. These strategies may include planting cover crops, installing erosion control structures, creating water diversion devices, or reducing the intensity of logging and other land management activities that contribute to erosion."
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            "text": "Acknowledgments",
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        {
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            "text": "We thank Dr. Buddhi Gyawali and Dr. Ghanashyam Khanal for their time and review of this publication. We acknowledge the USDA Evans-Allen Project #7009863 for support of this study."
        },
        {
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            "text": "Sources",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "paragraph_title"
            },
            "level": 3
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.13",
            "order": 21,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 22.8,
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                "r": 578.88,
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            },
            "text": "Dissemeyer, G., & Foster, G. (1984). A guide for predicting sheet and rill erosion on forest land. USDA Forest Service, State Priv. For. Tech. Publ.",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "reference_content"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.14",
            "order": 22,
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            "bbox": {
                "l": 22.8,
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            },
            "text": "Parajuli, M., Gallagher, T., Cristan, R., Daniel, M. J., Mitchell, D., McDonald, T., Rijal, A., & Zheng, J. (2024). Postharvest evaluations of soil erosion, ground cover, and best management practice implementation on integrated biomass and conventional clearcut harvest sites. Forest Ecology and Management, 566, 122041.",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "reference_content"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.15",
            "order": 23,
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            "bbox": {
                "l": 22.32,
                "t": 170.64,
                "r": 553.44,
                "b": 158.88
            },
            "text": "Parajuli, M., Hiesl, P., Hagan, D., & Khanal, P. (2022). Logging operations and soil compaction. Land-Grant Press: Clemson, SC, USA.",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "reference_content"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.16",
            "order": 24,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 23.04,
                "t": 157.92,
                "r": 567.12,
                "b": 135.84
            },
            "text": "Picchio, R., Jourgholami, M., & Zenner, E. K. (2021). Effects of forest harvesting on water and sediment yields: A review toward better mitigation and rehabilitation strategies. Current Forestry Reports, 7(4), 214-229.",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "reference_content"
            }
        },
        {
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                "l": 23.28,
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                "r": 573.12,
                "b": 93.6
            },
            "text": "Rijal, A., Cristan, R., Gallagher, T., Narine, L. L., & Parajuli, M. (2023). Evaluating the feasibility and potential of unmanned aerial vehicles monitor implementation of forestry best management practices in the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management, 545, 121280.",
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            }
        },
        {
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            "text": "Once CP is calculated, multiply R, K, LS, and CP to get the estimated erosion value.",
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            "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider.",
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            "text": "KYSU-CEP-INFO-ANR-2026-006",
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