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                "embedded_text": "INFO SHEET\nCOOPERATIVE\nEXTENSION"
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            "text": "Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension Connections",
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            "text": "Katherine Kamminga, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Integrated Pest Management",
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            "text": "Squash Bug",
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            "text": "The squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), is a common cucurbit pest in the United States. It uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed primarily on stems, but also attacks leaves and fruit. Heavy infestations can reduce yields and spread disease. Populations typically increase throughout summer."
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            "text": "Life Cycle Eggs",
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            "text": "Females lay clusters of about 20 eggs, usually on the underside of leaves. Eggs are oval, approximately 1.5 mm long and 1.2 mm wide (Bonjour et al. 1990). They are a light gray when first laid, but quickly change to a copper-orange color (Doughty et al. 2016; Fig. 1). They usually hatch in 7-10 days."
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            "text": "Nymphs",
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            "text": "The squash bug has five nymphal instars. Newly hatched nymphs are about 3 mm long, light green, and have reddish heads, thoraxes, and legs (Fig. 2). Later instars become gray with black heads and legs. Nymphs increase in size with each molt, with wing pads developing during the fourth and fifth instars (Fig. 3). Development takes approximately 4–6 weeks,"
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            "text": "after which nymphs\nmolt into adults."
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            "text": "Adults",
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            "text": "Adults are grayish-brown, about 1.5 cm long and 0.8 cm wide (Fig. 4). They emerge in spring, typically around May, after overwintering under plant debris, boards, or rocks. Egg laying begins by mid-June. Squash bugs typically have one generation per year, although a partial second generation may occur under favorable conditions."
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            "text": "Host Plants",
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            "text": "Squash bugs feed on most cucurbits but prefer summer squash and pumpkin for feeding and egg laying (Bonjour et al. 1990; Doughty et al. 2016). Egg laying and nymph survival are higher on yellow straightneck, crookneck squash, and pumpkin than on cucumber or muskmelon (Bonjour & Fargo 1989). Hubbard squash is also a host but generally supports lower nymph survival."
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            "text": "Infestation Symptoms",
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            "text": "Squash bugs feed on plant xylem, causing wilting, leaf necrosis, and, in some cases, plant death (Doughty et al. 2016; Fig. 5). Feeding can reduce yield and weaken plants' resistance to secondary stressors."
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            "text": "Squash bugs can transmit Serratia ureilytica, a bacterium"
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            "text": "Fig. 1. Squash bug egg masses (Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org)",
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            "text": "Fig. 2. Squash bug nymphs (Jennifer Carr, University of Florida, Bugwood.org)",
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            "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider.",
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            "text": "Fig. 3. Squash bug nymphs (Gerald Holmes, Strawberry Center, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Bugwood.org)",
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            "text": "Fig. 4. Squash bug adult (Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org)",
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